Tuesday, December 20, 2011
Monday, December 19, 2011
Saturday, December 17, 2011
Redress of Grievances
Case Management;
Case management is a concern of the court, where limited judicial resources demand that litigants pursue their causes expeditiously. Therefore, in most jurisdictions, either at the direction of the court or upon motion of a party, judges will hold case management conferences to set schedules for discovery, coordinate trial, and generally to take care of bookwork and housekeeping so the lawsuit progresses smoothly and efficiently through the system, rather than requiring overmuch time on the court's calendar for unnecessary hearings and delays.
Causation;
Causation is the relationship between the action of one person and the injury of another. It may be proximate (close, and therefore actionable in court) or distal (remote, and therefore not actionable in court). To be liable for the injury of another, one must have acted in such a way as to proximately cause the injury. A person injured only remotely in consequence of the action of another has no right to sue, as where intervening superseding causes contribute to an injury.
Cause of Action;
A cause of action is essential to every civil lawsuit; it is the basis for your complaint. Usually the plaintiff will assert separate counts in his complaint -- one for each cause of action. To adequately allege a cause of action he must state all the facts that are required to win on each cause of action. These are sometimes called elements of the cause of action. If the plaintiff alleges a cause of action for breach of contract and proves each and every one of the essential elements of that cause of action (i.e., if he can prove the facts that he alleged in his complaint are true), he wins. It's that simple.
Certiori (cert-era)? - I think that's the word he meant.
See Writ of Cert-era.
Chattel See Personal Property.
Circumstantial Evidence;
Evidence purportedly based on inferences as opposed to direct evidence. Circumstantial evidence is an invention. Circumstantial evidence reaches beyond the boundaries of known truth into the realm of conjecture, imagination, and hunches. To be admissible in court, circumstantial evidence must be derived from direct evidence. It must be directly derived from direct evidence. It cannot be derived from other circumstantial evidence, inferences upon inferences, or opinions founded on intuition. The inferences circumstantial evidence makes must be reasonable ... or the evidence is excluded for lack of credibility. Circumstantial evidence derived from an inference upon another inference is always excluded by reasonable courts.
Circuit Court;
Most states are comprised of local governmental units called counties, each with its own courthouse where local judges preside over county courts (usually including small claims courts) and circuit judges preside over more powerful courts known as circuit courts. Each circuit has a chief judge who has authority to command all judges in his circuit, from magistrates hearing small claims cases in the county courts to judges presiding over capital murder cases in the circuit court. The chief judge of the circuit answers only to the justices of the state supreme court. The term comes from the days when judges rode horseback from one county to the next along a continuous route called the circuit, hearing disputes that exceeded the jurisdiction of the local county courts.
Civil Law;
The body of law (and its rules) that deals with the rights of individuals and legal entities (e.g., trusts, corporations, partnerships) providing injured parties with court-enforced remedies for breaches of duty (causes of action) arising from contract, negligence, intentional torts, and crimes. Civil law differs from criminal law in that it protects the rights of individuals and legal entities to recover money damages or other compensation for the wrongs of others, while criminal law protects the rights of society at large. Civil law actions are prosecuted by private actors, individuals or legal entities and punish wrongdoers by making them pay other individuals or legal entities for their injuries. Examples are breach of contract actions or automobile negligence actions. Criminal actions are prosecuted by the government and punish wrongdoers by depriving them of liberty or, in egregious circumstances, of life itself.
Clean Hands;
The doctrine of "clean hands" applies to cases where one party seeks to persuade the court to exercise its equitable discretion, so the court looks to see if either party has dirty hands, e.g., whether one party has done something unfair with regard to the issues of the case. It is not enough if one party has an unsavory history. The "unclean hands" must apply to the issues in controversy, such as preventing the other party from performing his contract, etc. The ancient maxim is, "He who comes to equity must come with clean hands."
Co-defendant;
When two or more defendants are sued in the same case, they are called co-defendants.
Color of Law;
Color of law is that characteristic of an individual who acts as a judge, police officer, mayor, or other public official.
Common Law;
A body of jurisprudence evolved over centuries from the common sense and persistence of people who refused to be ruled by the power of pride. The principles of common law are embodied in maxims that express, perhaps better than constitutions, the will of the people toward the exercise of government power and the importance of keeping that power in check. Many people are confused about common law, failing to realize it is constantly subject to change. Where a principle of common law is found Violation of the maxims, the principle must be abandoned. This takes place when the people, acting through duly elected or appointed representatives, amend and re-codify the legal limits of acceptable public behavior through duly enacted statutory or constitutional change. To the extent amendment is carried out in accordance with due process and the rule of law, the rule of statutes and constitutions super-cede common law and are an expression of the will of the people. For those who object that the common law should forever control, let it be said that as citizens of free republics it is our duty to teach the maxims to our neighbors and our children so our leaders and we the people ourselves will have better guidance.
Common Sense;
The presence of mind and general caution and concern that the law imputes to all persons, i.e., sense everyone should have. Everyone owes a duty to use common sense. The breach of this duty may give rise to a cause of action.
Competence, See Competent.
Competency;
The degree to which a person is competent (q.v.). Persons deemed incompetent as a matter of law are those persons who, usually as a result of dementia or lunacy, are incapable of understanding the nature of truth; such persons are, therefore, never able to sue, maintain, or defend lawsuits except by the representation of another who must be appointed by the court to speak and act on behalf of the incompetent.
Competent;
Having the right to be believed. A competent witness, for example, is one that is not disqualified by self-interest, felonious intent, inability to understand the nature of sworn testimony (as is the case with infants and small children), imbecility, dementia, or other disability restricting the reasonableness of giving such person credence, i.e., any condition that would render that person's testimony unreliable. A competent witness is not necessarily credible, however the testimony of an incompetent witness might, under certain circumstances, be completely credible in light of other known facts. Credibility goes to the believability of the testimony. Competence goes to the reliability of persons testifying (or the authenticity of documents). Credibility goes to the believe-agreeableness of the evidence given by such persons (or documents). An example of a competent document is a certified copy of a court order, while a document that might be deemed to lack competence is a copy of an unsigned typed letter received by a fax machine. A person who is deemed by the court legally incompetent is one whose disabilities render their verbal and other representations incompetent, i.e., not worthy of belief. In modern usage the term incapacitated is replacing the term incompetent, however the reason "incompetent" was used for so many years is that it addresses competency, which is an issue dealing with believability, not capacity to act in one's own behalf.
Complaint;
Where it all begins. One person (thereafter called a party instead of a person) undertakes to force another person (also thereafter called a party and no longer a person) to do something the other does not wish to do. The first party filing the complaint is called the plaintiff. The party against whom the complaint is filed is called the defendant. There may be more than one defendant. There may be more than one person joined as plaintiff. The complaint is what sets the ball rolling. The complaint should plainly state a cause of action and all facts the plaintiff can prove in support of the allegations of each separate cause of action (i.e., allegations of sufficient facts to prove each count). The complaint demands an answer from the defendant, i.e., the public filing of a specific response to each of the numbered allegations of the plaintiff's complaint. The complaint and answer taken together comprise what are called the pleadings. Each side "pleads" with the court. The plaintiff complains to the court and obtains the court's jurisdiction over the defendant. The defendant answers and demands to be released from the court's jurisdiction or in turn seeks some remedy from the plaintiff. Each party seeks relief from the court by way of an order compelling the other to do something the other does not wish to do. The order sought may be a money judgment, an subjunctive order, or some other exercise of state power. The parties before the court are called litigants. The plaintiff has the burden to prove his case. The complaint should completely state the plaintiff's case, without the slightest omission of any detail necessary to require a reasonable court to favorably decide the outcome. The complaint is the single most important document filed in any lawsuit (and, strangely, one of the least attended-to documents filed by lawyers today). Many lawyers follow what are called "form books". You get the idea. They use forms to draft their pleadings. The better practitioner wins his lawsuit on the day he files the complaint. The winning practitioner completely states his client's case in the complaint. Each count should allege a separate cause of action and include all provable facts that tend to establish the plaintiff's right to judgment on each such cause of action. The complaint should completely state the plaintiff's case. Do not be brief! Do not permit your lawyer to be brief! State your causes of action and state every fact you can prove that will support your causes of action. Don't be lazy. Do a good job, and you improve your chance of winning a thousand-fold.
Conflict of Interest;
When a person stands to gain an advantage from playing both sides of the street, he is said to have a conflict of interest. On the one hand he may gain from taking a particular position with regard to one person while (perhaps unknown to that person) he may have an opportunity to gain a greater advantage for himself by taking an alternative position favorable to another. The result, of course, is that neither side can trust him ... nor should trust him. When a lawyer attempts to represent a new client against the interests of a former client, he is said to have a conflict of interest (though, technically, his interests are not in conflict, because it is the new client who stands to gain an advantage, not the lawyer). What makes this objectionable is not that the lawyer cannot be trusted to represent his new client's case zealously but that the new client may gain an unfair advantage by his lawyer's having had prior access to facts about his old client that could help him win for the new client. So, where a lawyer technically does not have a conflict of interest, there may nonetheless be created an appearance of conflict. The rules of professional conduct of most bars forbid such representation and treat the lawyer as if he, in fact, has a conflict because he stands in the shoes of his client who actually has the advantage. The situation is sometimes referred to simply as having a conflict, as, "Attorney Jones has a conflict representing his new client." Just remember that a true conflict of interest arises from playing both sides of the street.
Contempt;
The condition of refusing to honor and obey court rules and orders. Penalties for contempt range from a simple fine to continuous imprisonment until the contempt is cured. If you succeed with a motion to compel discovery, the court will order the other side to respond to your discovery request(s). If the other side fails or refuses to respond, you can file a "Motion to Show Cause" why the other side should not be held in contempt. The court may order the other side to show cause. Then, if they do not show cause, the court will order them once again to respond to your discovery request(s). If they fail or refuse to respond after being ordered the second time, you will file a "Motion for Contempt", and the court will likely find them in contempt. The punishment may be imprisonment until they respond to your discovery request(s).
Contumacious;
The spirit or attitude of those who refuse to honor and obey court rules and orders. One may be said to have shown a contumacious disregard for the court's authority.
Contract;
A promise for a promise. Every contract, whether written in ink with the formalities of seals and witnesses or merely spoken in a private meeting between two persons, is an agreement in which promises are exchanged. A meeting of the minds. Contracts need not be in writing to be enforceable (though local laws, e.g., the statute of frauds, may prevent a party from bringing a lawsuit for breach of contract unless the contract meets certain necessities set forth differently by each state). The main thing to look for is an "understanding of the parties with regard to the exchange of promises". If such an understanding exists and can be established as a fact upon the record of the court, there will always exist a cause of action on the contract, though you may have to get at it by bringing your lawsuit under a different cause of action, e.g., trust theory or quantum merit.
Contract of Adhesion,
See Adhesion Contract.
Co-plaintiff;
When two or more plaintiff's join to file a single lawsuit, they are called co-plaintiffs.
Costs;
Costs in most jurisdiction include filing fees; costs of serving papers on the other side; court reporters' fees for attending and transcribing hearings, depositions, and trial proceedings; and very little else. In most American jurisdictions, the prevailing party is entitled to recover his costs from the losing party ... but this does not normally include attorneys' fees. Long-distance telephone tolls, fees charged by process servers, secretarial costs, office supplies, and such like ancillary costs of suing in American jurisdiction must be born by the person bringing the lawsuit and cannot be recovered.
Count;
Each cause of action in the complaint should be stated in a separate count. Each count is nothing more than a separate statement of a single cause of action. For example, if you have a count for breach of contract and a count for negligence, you have two counts, i.e., two separate statements of causes of action. Each cause of action is stated separately in a count. Keep your counts separate. Make sure to allege each and every element of your causes of action and also allege for each such cause of action all facts you can prove to support the allegations of your cause of action. This is very important.
Counterclaim;
When a defendant is sued he has the right as part of his defense to sue the person who is suing him. He does this by filing a counterclaim in response to the complaint that was filed by the plaintiff. He then becomes the counter-plaintiff as well as defendant.
County Court;
Most states are made up of jurisdictional districts known as counties, each having a particular city known as the county seat where the Courthouse is located. County courts typically have limited jurisdiction to hear such disputes as landlord-tenant cases, cases involving an amount of money below a set limit (at the time of writing this entry the minimum jurisdictional amount in controversy, exclusive of attorneys fees and costs, is $15,000 in Florida), and small-claims. In Florida, as in most states, several adjacent counties comprise what is called a circuit (from the days when a single judge rode horseback on a circuit from courthouse to courthouse to serve needs of the people in several counties) and circuit courts that have jurisdiction to hear appeals from county courts.
Courthouse;
A building where courts are convened. Courthouse is always capitalized when used in reference to a particular courthouse, and it is one word, not two.
Credibility;
The capacity of being credible (q.v.).
Credible;
Think of the word "incredible", take off the "in" that reverses it, and you see what credible means. Believable. In particular, believable by an ordinary reasonable man, i.e., one who is not gullible or easily persuaded. Some writers suggest the concept of worthiness, declaring a credible thing as one that is worthy of being believed. Only credible evidence is admissible. See also competent.
Cross-claim;
When two or more defendants are sued they are called co-defendants. When one co-defendant sues another co-defendant, the pleading used to file the action is called a cross-claim.
Cross-plaintiff
When one co-defendant files a cross claim against another co-defendant, he is called a cross-plaintiff.
Cross-examination;
Cross-examination is sometimes said to be the most powerful engine ever devised by man for getting at the truth. It is a process of questioning witnesses whereby the answer may be presented as part of the question. Such questions are called leading questions. The rules permit cross-examination (i.e., leading questions) in certain circumstances and forbid it in others. Sometimes only direct questions may be asked. A party may usually cross-examine opposing parties and their witnesses but cannot cross-examine his own witnesses who must be questioned by direct-examination, instead (i.e., by non-leading questions that do not suggest answers). In most jurisdictions, a party may always cross-examine the other party's witnesses, while he is required to question his own witnesses by direct examination alone. If his own witness becomes a hostile witness, he then may be permitted to cross-examine ... otherwise not. An example of a leading question permitted during cross-examination is, "Isn't it a fact you were in Miami when the First National Bank was robbed?" This is a leading question since it suggests an answer. During cross-examination, a lawyer may suggest facts, leading the witness to give an answer the lawyer wishes to put on the record. During direct examination, however, questions cannot lead the witness at all (i.e., questions may not suggest answers). A party may ask his own witnesses, "Where were you on the day of the robbery?" He is not, however, permitted to suggest the answer in any way (e.g., "Isn't it a fact you saw the defendant running out of the First National Bank carrying sacks of money?"). Doing so is cause for objection. Cross-examination cuts through obfuscation and deceit. Cross-examination forces self-interested witnesses to answer responsively (i.e., to the point and not evasively). Direct questioning is easier to evade with non-responsive or oblique answers. Cross-examination gives lawyers an effective tool to pin down an uncooperative witness and require the testimony to come to the point. It is much more difficult to get at the truth with direct examination. Try it on some friends and see for yourself. Unless you can give hints to the answers you want, a witness reluctant to assist you can easily evade the answers you seek. Keep this in mind when questions are being prepared for depositions, hearings, or trial. If you are questioning a witness you called to the stand, you won't be permitted to lead with, "You were in Miami on the day of the robbery, weren't you?" That's a leading question. Instead, you will be required to ask, "Where were you on the day of the robbery." If your witness was in Fort Lauder-dale at any time during the day, even if only for breakfast, he may lawfully answer, "I was in Fort Lauder-dale that day." He might also have been in Tampa or West Palm Beach that same day, of course. If you can ask, "Isn't it a fact you were in Miami on the day of the robbery?" the witness will be required to tell the whole truth. Savvy litigants are on the lookout for evasive answers and continue questioning until the facts sought are clearly stated on the record. Know the difference between direct and cross-examination. Know when you can and when you cannot use leading questions. Winning frequently depends on it.
Custody;
The act of responsibility for the welfare of another. The warden of a prison has custody of his prisoners. The custodial parent of a divorced family may have custody of children of the broken marriage. A guardian has custody of his ward. Custody does not necessarily require control, but it does imply responsibility.
Case management is a concern of the court, where limited judicial resources demand that litigants pursue their causes expeditiously. Therefore, in most jurisdictions, either at the direction of the court or upon motion of a party, judges will hold case management conferences to set schedules for discovery, coordinate trial, and generally to take care of bookwork and housekeeping so the lawsuit progresses smoothly and efficiently through the system, rather than requiring overmuch time on the court's calendar for unnecessary hearings and delays.
Causation;
Causation is the relationship between the action of one person and the injury of another. It may be proximate (close, and therefore actionable in court) or distal (remote, and therefore not actionable in court). To be liable for the injury of another, one must have acted in such a way as to proximately cause the injury. A person injured only remotely in consequence of the action of another has no right to sue, as where intervening superseding causes contribute to an injury.
Cause of Action;
A cause of action is essential to every civil lawsuit; it is the basis for your complaint. Usually the plaintiff will assert separate counts in his complaint -- one for each cause of action. To adequately allege a cause of action he must state all the facts that are required to win on each cause of action. These are sometimes called elements of the cause of action. If the plaintiff alleges a cause of action for breach of contract and proves each and every one of the essential elements of that cause of action (i.e., if he can prove the facts that he alleged in his complaint are true), he wins. It's that simple.
Certiori (cert-era)? - I think that's the word he meant.
See Writ of Cert-era.
Chattel See Personal Property.
Circumstantial Evidence;
Evidence purportedly based on inferences as opposed to direct evidence. Circumstantial evidence is an invention. Circumstantial evidence reaches beyond the boundaries of known truth into the realm of conjecture, imagination, and hunches. To be admissible in court, circumstantial evidence must be derived from direct evidence. It must be directly derived from direct evidence. It cannot be derived from other circumstantial evidence, inferences upon inferences, or opinions founded on intuition. The inferences circumstantial evidence makes must be reasonable ... or the evidence is excluded for lack of credibility. Circumstantial evidence derived from an inference upon another inference is always excluded by reasonable courts.
Circuit Court;
Most states are comprised of local governmental units called counties, each with its own courthouse where local judges preside over county courts (usually including small claims courts) and circuit judges preside over more powerful courts known as circuit courts. Each circuit has a chief judge who has authority to command all judges in his circuit, from magistrates hearing small claims cases in the county courts to judges presiding over capital murder cases in the circuit court. The chief judge of the circuit answers only to the justices of the state supreme court. The term comes from the days when judges rode horseback from one county to the next along a continuous route called the circuit, hearing disputes that exceeded the jurisdiction of the local county courts.
Civil Law;
The body of law (and its rules) that deals with the rights of individuals and legal entities (e.g., trusts, corporations, partnerships) providing injured parties with court-enforced remedies for breaches of duty (causes of action) arising from contract, negligence, intentional torts, and crimes. Civil law differs from criminal law in that it protects the rights of individuals and legal entities to recover money damages or other compensation for the wrongs of others, while criminal law protects the rights of society at large. Civil law actions are prosecuted by private actors, individuals or legal entities and punish wrongdoers by making them pay other individuals or legal entities for their injuries. Examples are breach of contract actions or automobile negligence actions. Criminal actions are prosecuted by the government and punish wrongdoers by depriving them of liberty or, in egregious circumstances, of life itself.
Clean Hands;
The doctrine of "clean hands" applies to cases where one party seeks to persuade the court to exercise its equitable discretion, so the court looks to see if either party has dirty hands, e.g., whether one party has done something unfair with regard to the issues of the case. It is not enough if one party has an unsavory history. The "unclean hands" must apply to the issues in controversy, such as preventing the other party from performing his contract, etc. The ancient maxim is, "He who comes to equity must come with clean hands."
Co-defendant;
When two or more defendants are sued in the same case, they are called co-defendants.
Color of Law;
Color of law is that characteristic of an individual who acts as a judge, police officer, mayor, or other public official.
Common Law;
A body of jurisprudence evolved over centuries from the common sense and persistence of people who refused to be ruled by the power of pride. The principles of common law are embodied in maxims that express, perhaps better than constitutions, the will of the people toward the exercise of government power and the importance of keeping that power in check. Many people are confused about common law, failing to realize it is constantly subject to change. Where a principle of common law is found Violation of the maxims, the principle must be abandoned. This takes place when the people, acting through duly elected or appointed representatives, amend and re-codify the legal limits of acceptable public behavior through duly enacted statutory or constitutional change. To the extent amendment is carried out in accordance with due process and the rule of law, the rule of statutes and constitutions super-cede common law and are an expression of the will of the people. For those who object that the common law should forever control, let it be said that as citizens of free republics it is our duty to teach the maxims to our neighbors and our children so our leaders and we the people ourselves will have better guidance.
Common Sense;
The presence of mind and general caution and concern that the law imputes to all persons, i.e., sense everyone should have. Everyone owes a duty to use common sense. The breach of this duty may give rise to a cause of action.
Competence, See Competent.
Competency;
The degree to which a person is competent (q.v.). Persons deemed incompetent as a matter of law are those persons who, usually as a result of dementia or lunacy, are incapable of understanding the nature of truth; such persons are, therefore, never able to sue, maintain, or defend lawsuits except by the representation of another who must be appointed by the court to speak and act on behalf of the incompetent.
Competent;
Having the right to be believed. A competent witness, for example, is one that is not disqualified by self-interest, felonious intent, inability to understand the nature of sworn testimony (as is the case with infants and small children), imbecility, dementia, or other disability restricting the reasonableness of giving such person credence, i.e., any condition that would render that person's testimony unreliable. A competent witness is not necessarily credible, however the testimony of an incompetent witness might, under certain circumstances, be completely credible in light of other known facts. Credibility goes to the believability of the testimony. Competence goes to the reliability of persons testifying (or the authenticity of documents). Credibility goes to the believe-agreeableness of the evidence given by such persons (or documents). An example of a competent document is a certified copy of a court order, while a document that might be deemed to lack competence is a copy of an unsigned typed letter received by a fax machine. A person who is deemed by the court legally incompetent is one whose disabilities render their verbal and other representations incompetent, i.e., not worthy of belief. In modern usage the term incapacitated is replacing the term incompetent, however the reason "incompetent" was used for so many years is that it addresses competency, which is an issue dealing with believability, not capacity to act in one's own behalf.
Complaint;
Where it all begins. One person (thereafter called a party instead of a person) undertakes to force another person (also thereafter called a party and no longer a person) to do something the other does not wish to do. The first party filing the complaint is called the plaintiff. The party against whom the complaint is filed is called the defendant. There may be more than one defendant. There may be more than one person joined as plaintiff. The complaint is what sets the ball rolling. The complaint should plainly state a cause of action and all facts the plaintiff can prove in support of the allegations of each separate cause of action (i.e., allegations of sufficient facts to prove each count). The complaint demands an answer from the defendant, i.e., the public filing of a specific response to each of the numbered allegations of the plaintiff's complaint. The complaint and answer taken together comprise what are called the pleadings. Each side "pleads" with the court. The plaintiff complains to the court and obtains the court's jurisdiction over the defendant. The defendant answers and demands to be released from the court's jurisdiction or in turn seeks some remedy from the plaintiff. Each party seeks relief from the court by way of an order compelling the other to do something the other does not wish to do. The order sought may be a money judgment, an subjunctive order, or some other exercise of state power. The parties before the court are called litigants. The plaintiff has the burden to prove his case. The complaint should completely state the plaintiff's case, without the slightest omission of any detail necessary to require a reasonable court to favorably decide the outcome. The complaint is the single most important document filed in any lawsuit (and, strangely, one of the least attended-to documents filed by lawyers today). Many lawyers follow what are called "form books". You get the idea. They use forms to draft their pleadings. The better practitioner wins his lawsuit on the day he files the complaint. The winning practitioner completely states his client's case in the complaint. Each count should allege a separate cause of action and include all provable facts that tend to establish the plaintiff's right to judgment on each such cause of action. The complaint should completely state the plaintiff's case. Do not be brief! Do not permit your lawyer to be brief! State your causes of action and state every fact you can prove that will support your causes of action. Don't be lazy. Do a good job, and you improve your chance of winning a thousand-fold.
Conflict of Interest;
When a person stands to gain an advantage from playing both sides of the street, he is said to have a conflict of interest. On the one hand he may gain from taking a particular position with regard to one person while (perhaps unknown to that person) he may have an opportunity to gain a greater advantage for himself by taking an alternative position favorable to another. The result, of course, is that neither side can trust him ... nor should trust him. When a lawyer attempts to represent a new client against the interests of a former client, he is said to have a conflict of interest (though, technically, his interests are not in conflict, because it is the new client who stands to gain an advantage, not the lawyer). What makes this objectionable is not that the lawyer cannot be trusted to represent his new client's case zealously but that the new client may gain an unfair advantage by his lawyer's having had prior access to facts about his old client that could help him win for the new client. So, where a lawyer technically does not have a conflict of interest, there may nonetheless be created an appearance of conflict. The rules of professional conduct of most bars forbid such representation and treat the lawyer as if he, in fact, has a conflict because he stands in the shoes of his client who actually has the advantage. The situation is sometimes referred to simply as having a conflict, as, "Attorney Jones has a conflict representing his new client." Just remember that a true conflict of interest arises from playing both sides of the street.
Contempt;
The condition of refusing to honor and obey court rules and orders. Penalties for contempt range from a simple fine to continuous imprisonment until the contempt is cured. If you succeed with a motion to compel discovery, the court will order the other side to respond to your discovery request(s). If the other side fails or refuses to respond, you can file a "Motion to Show Cause" why the other side should not be held in contempt. The court may order the other side to show cause. Then, if they do not show cause, the court will order them once again to respond to your discovery request(s). If they fail or refuse to respond after being ordered the second time, you will file a "Motion for Contempt", and the court will likely find them in contempt. The punishment may be imprisonment until they respond to your discovery request(s).
Contumacious;
The spirit or attitude of those who refuse to honor and obey court rules and orders. One may be said to have shown a contumacious disregard for the court's authority.
Contract;
A promise for a promise. Every contract, whether written in ink with the formalities of seals and witnesses or merely spoken in a private meeting between two persons, is an agreement in which promises are exchanged. A meeting of the minds. Contracts need not be in writing to be enforceable (though local laws, e.g., the statute of frauds, may prevent a party from bringing a lawsuit for breach of contract unless the contract meets certain necessities set forth differently by each state). The main thing to look for is an "understanding of the parties with regard to the exchange of promises". If such an understanding exists and can be established as a fact upon the record of the court, there will always exist a cause of action on the contract, though you may have to get at it by bringing your lawsuit under a different cause of action, e.g., trust theory or quantum merit.
Contract of Adhesion,
See Adhesion Contract.
Co-plaintiff;
When two or more plaintiff's join to file a single lawsuit, they are called co-plaintiffs.
Costs;
Costs in most jurisdiction include filing fees; costs of serving papers on the other side; court reporters' fees for attending and transcribing hearings, depositions, and trial proceedings; and very little else. In most American jurisdictions, the prevailing party is entitled to recover his costs from the losing party ... but this does not normally include attorneys' fees. Long-distance telephone tolls, fees charged by process servers, secretarial costs, office supplies, and such like ancillary costs of suing in American jurisdiction must be born by the person bringing the lawsuit and cannot be recovered.
Count;
Each cause of action in the complaint should be stated in a separate count. Each count is nothing more than a separate statement of a single cause of action. For example, if you have a count for breach of contract and a count for negligence, you have two counts, i.e., two separate statements of causes of action. Each cause of action is stated separately in a count. Keep your counts separate. Make sure to allege each and every element of your causes of action and also allege for each such cause of action all facts you can prove to support the allegations of your cause of action. This is very important.
Counterclaim;
When a defendant is sued he has the right as part of his defense to sue the person who is suing him. He does this by filing a counterclaim in response to the complaint that was filed by the plaintiff. He then becomes the counter-plaintiff as well as defendant.
County Court;
Most states are made up of jurisdictional districts known as counties, each having a particular city known as the county seat where the Courthouse is located. County courts typically have limited jurisdiction to hear such disputes as landlord-tenant cases, cases involving an amount of money below a set limit (at the time of writing this entry the minimum jurisdictional amount in controversy, exclusive of attorneys fees and costs, is $15,000 in Florida), and small-claims. In Florida, as in most states, several adjacent counties comprise what is called a circuit (from the days when a single judge rode horseback on a circuit from courthouse to courthouse to serve needs of the people in several counties) and circuit courts that have jurisdiction to hear appeals from county courts.
Courthouse;
A building where courts are convened. Courthouse is always capitalized when used in reference to a particular courthouse, and it is one word, not two.
Credibility;
The capacity of being credible (q.v.).
Credible;
Think of the word "incredible", take off the "in" that reverses it, and you see what credible means. Believable. In particular, believable by an ordinary reasonable man, i.e., one who is not gullible or easily persuaded. Some writers suggest the concept of worthiness, declaring a credible thing as one that is worthy of being believed. Only credible evidence is admissible. See also competent.
Cross-claim;
When two or more defendants are sued they are called co-defendants. When one co-defendant sues another co-defendant, the pleading used to file the action is called a cross-claim.
Cross-plaintiff
When one co-defendant files a cross claim against another co-defendant, he is called a cross-plaintiff.
Cross-examination;
Cross-examination is sometimes said to be the most powerful engine ever devised by man for getting at the truth. It is a process of questioning witnesses whereby the answer may be presented as part of the question. Such questions are called leading questions. The rules permit cross-examination (i.e., leading questions) in certain circumstances and forbid it in others. Sometimes only direct questions may be asked. A party may usually cross-examine opposing parties and their witnesses but cannot cross-examine his own witnesses who must be questioned by direct-examination, instead (i.e., by non-leading questions that do not suggest answers). In most jurisdictions, a party may always cross-examine the other party's witnesses, while he is required to question his own witnesses by direct examination alone. If his own witness becomes a hostile witness, he then may be permitted to cross-examine ... otherwise not. An example of a leading question permitted during cross-examination is, "Isn't it a fact you were in Miami when the First National Bank was robbed?" This is a leading question since it suggests an answer. During cross-examination, a lawyer may suggest facts, leading the witness to give an answer the lawyer wishes to put on the record. During direct examination, however, questions cannot lead the witness at all (i.e., questions may not suggest answers). A party may ask his own witnesses, "Where were you on the day of the robbery?" He is not, however, permitted to suggest the answer in any way (e.g., "Isn't it a fact you saw the defendant running out of the First National Bank carrying sacks of money?"). Doing so is cause for objection. Cross-examination cuts through obfuscation and deceit. Cross-examination forces self-interested witnesses to answer responsively (i.e., to the point and not evasively). Direct questioning is easier to evade with non-responsive or oblique answers. Cross-examination gives lawyers an effective tool to pin down an uncooperative witness and require the testimony to come to the point. It is much more difficult to get at the truth with direct examination. Try it on some friends and see for yourself. Unless you can give hints to the answers you want, a witness reluctant to assist you can easily evade the answers you seek. Keep this in mind when questions are being prepared for depositions, hearings, or trial. If you are questioning a witness you called to the stand, you won't be permitted to lead with, "You were in Miami on the day of the robbery, weren't you?" That's a leading question. Instead, you will be required to ask, "Where were you on the day of the robbery." If your witness was in Fort Lauder-dale at any time during the day, even if only for breakfast, he may lawfully answer, "I was in Fort Lauder-dale that day." He might also have been in Tampa or West Palm Beach that same day, of course. If you can ask, "Isn't it a fact you were in Miami on the day of the robbery?" the witness will be required to tell the whole truth. Savvy litigants are on the lookout for evasive answers and continue questioning until the facts sought are clearly stated on the record. Know the difference between direct and cross-examination. Know when you can and when you cannot use leading questions. Winning frequently depends on it.
Custody;
The act of responsibility for the welfare of another. The warden of a prison has custody of his prisoners. The custodial parent of a divorced family may have custody of children of the broken marriage. A guardian has custody of his ward. Custody does not necessarily require control, but it does imply responsibility.
Friday, December 16, 2011
Sunday, December 11, 2011
Obame Is Using the Courts to Shred the Constitution:
ObamaCare is headed to the Supreme Court in the spring and that doesn't give us much time to force uber-liberal Elena Kagan's recusal. If we sit back and do nothing, Kagan's vote could seal the deal on ObamaCare - FOREVER.
Kagan had a direct role in the crafting the legal defense for ObamaCare, which makes her legally unfit to participate in the case.
But so far, Kagan is ignoring public outcry and refusing to recuse herself. Of course, the Obama administration doesn't want Kagan to recuse herself and they're doing everything in their power to ensure the American people don't learn the full extent of Kagan's involvement in ObamaCare.
As Fox News reported, ."..The Judicial Crisis Network, a conservative group, argues in a new "white paper" that the Justice Department is withholding documents under the deliberation exemption to the Freedom of Information Act -- which JCN said signals that she was involved in those deliberations."
ACT NOW & TURN UP THE PRESSURE. Stop Obama's Nominees From Trashing The Constitution. DON'T LET OBAMA GET AWAY WITH STUFFING THE COURTS WITH LIBERAL IDEALOGUES TO PUSH HIS RADICAL AGENDA!
Wait, it gets worse. Kagan's involvement in ObamaCare not only predisposes her to rule in favor of it, but she even expressed elation when it passed! On the day Obama's government-dictated healthcare scheme passed, Kagan could barely hide her excitement in a series of emails she wrote.
Then-Solicitor General Elena Kagan and Supreme Court litigator/Harvard Law Professor Laurence Tribe, who was serving in the Justice Department at the time, had an email exchange in which they discussed their zeal for ObamaCare. Kagan wrote an email to Tribe stating, "I hear they have the votes, Larry!! Simply amazing."
The Supreme Court hearing is the last chance we have to get rid of ObamaCare. If Kagan isn't recused from the upcoming vote, ObamaCare will become the law of the land - FOREVER.
And make no mistake... placing his hand-picked liberal activist judges on the Supreme Court isn't enough for Obama. He's working with his cronies to jam pack courtrooms across the country with raving leftists.
Right now, Obama is pushing for Caitlin Halligan, a liberal agitator and fervent gun hater, to a seat on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington, DC. This court hears some of the most important cases the country.
In fact, it decided the pivotal Second Amendment case, District of Columbia v. Heller, which led to the Supreme Court ruling that the right to bear arms is an individual right afforded to all law-abiding Americans. It is no wonder that Obama wants to pack this court with anti-Second Amendment judges.
Fortunately, public outcry and participation from activists like you helped Senate Republicans successfully filibuster Obama's radical anti-gun nominee. On Tuesday, December 6, the GOP blocked Caitlin Halligan's nomination for a position on the federal circuit court by a vote of 54-45. Your calls and faxes are working!
But, the fight isn't over yet. While Senate Republicans were successful this time, it only takes 60 votes to break the filibuster! And you better believe that Barack Obama, Harry Reid and their liberal colleagues will not give up the fight for Halligan or any other radical Obama judges.
And that is precisely why patriotic Americans like you can't give up the fight either. Now is the time to turn up the heat.
ACT NOW & TURN UP THE PRESSURE. Stop Obama's Nominees From Trashing The Constitution. DON'T LET OBAMA GET AWAY WITH STUFFING THE COURTS WITH LIBERAL IDEALOGUES TO PUSH HIS RADICAL AGENDA!
Be sure to MAKE YOUR VOICE HEARD TODAY! Thank you.
Yours In Freedom,
Jeff Mazzella
President
Center for Individual Freedom
Center for Individual Freedom
917-B King Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: 703-535-5836
Fax: 703-535-5838
917-B King Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: 703-535-5836
Fax: 703-535-5838
CFIF is a 501(c)(4) not-for-profit constitutional advocacy organization
with the mission to protect and defend individual freedoms and individual rights.
Contributions to CFIF are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes.
with the mission to protect and defend individual freedoms and individual rights.
Contributions to CFIF are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes.
Saturday, December 10, 2011
Thursday, December 8, 2011
AFRA News: Lawmakers Propose Changes to TANF
AFRA News: Lawmakers Propose Changes to TANF: by Children's Monitor | December 8, 2011 at 5:16 PM Last Friday Women for Economic Justice hosted a briefing at the Capitol on proposed c...
Judicial Accountability in NYS: Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman Must Step Aside Pendi...
Judicial Accountability in NYS: Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman Must Step Aside Pendi...: The Assistant Director in Charge of the FBI in Manhattan, Janice K. Fedarcyk, has been asked for a "follow-up meeting" in the alleged $40 Mi...
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Saturday, November 19, 2011
Globalist, Constitutional Convention, as being held in Ohio in 2008:
I am so upset over this. And how many of you knew of this going on in 2008, and know what this means?
Globalist Constitutional Convention Dealt a Defeat in Ohio
Posted By admin On December 13, 2008 @ 4:21 am In Featured Stories | Comments Disabled
Kurt Nimmo
Info-wars [1]
Saturday, Dec 13, 2008
The global elite will not rest until they have undermined the last bastion that stands in their way as they attempt to dominate and subjugate of the once great republic of the United States — the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Over the years — but especially since September 11, 2001, and the creation of the phony GWOT against manufactured terrorists — the government has made great strides in curtailing the Bill of Rights.
Government has singled out and specifically attacked the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments. However, for the global elite and their minions in government, this piecemeal approach is too slow and often results in organized resistance and legal challenges.
So the global elite have decided on another tactic — change forever the Constitution and the Bill of Rights through a Constitutional Convention.
(ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW)
Article Five of the United States Constitution provides an option to assemble a national Convention to propose amendments to the Constitution as an alternative to the process of securing two-thirds approval in both houses of Congress.
Remarkably, thirty two states have called for a Constitutional Convention — allegedly to add a Balanced Budget Amendment to the Constitution – and it takes thirty four to begin the process.
If you have not heard about this, it is not a mistake — the corporate media is not reporting on it. A Google News search produces no stories on the subjected published by the mainstream media.
“A public policy organization has issued an urgent alert stating affirmative votes are needed from only two more states before a Constitutional Convention could be assembled in which ‘today’s corrupt politicians and judges’ could formally change the U.S. Constitution’s “problematic” provisions to reflect the philosophical and social mores of our contemporary society,’” writes Bob Unruh for World Net Daily.
“Don’t for one second doubt that delegates to a Con Con wouldn’t revise the First Amendment into a government-controlled privilege, replace the 2nd Amendment with a ‘collective’ right to self-defense, and abolish the 4th, 5th, and 10th Amendments, and the rest of the Bill of Rights,” Unruh quotes the American Policy Institute (API).
API was successful in stalling a vote on a Constitutional Convention in Ohio, thanks to the Constitution and Libertarian parties of Ohio that testified against the bill. “Members from Campaign for Liberty, Ohio Freedom Alliance, We Are Change Ohio, John Birch Society, Institute for Principled Policy, Constitution Party of Ohio, and the Libertarian Party of Ohio showed up in support [and] most of them testified,” reports the PeaceChicken blog.
“After seeing how many of us came, Committee Chairman Blessing changed his mind and decided not to vote on it today. In fact, he acted like it was a mistake that the paper said ‘possible vote.’ [Teri Owens of the Central Ohio John Birch Society] thinks it’ll probably be voted on at the next committee meeting (which will also probably not include further testimony) so we’ll need to keep watching.”
WorldNetDaily should be commended for reporting on this important story neglected by the corporate and much of the alternative media. Unfortunately, WorldNetDaily writer Bob Unruh turns the article into an anti-Obama screed and leans heavily on the false right-left paradigm to make his points, including Obama’s disingenuous calls for wealth redistribution and so-called political and economic justice. In 2001, Obama told Chicago’s public station WBEZ-FM that “redistributive change” is needed.
One has to wonder if Obama’s economic advisors — including Robert Rubin, director and senior counselor at Citigroup, and Timothy F. Geithner, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York — are up to speed on taking money from their rich friends and giving it to the poor who voted for Obama.
Tom DeWeese of the American Policy Institute warns that the ultimate outcome of a new con con “will likely be a new constitution, one that would possibly eliminate the Article 1 restriction to the coinage of real money or even eliminate gun or property rights.”
In fact, this is the real goal of the globalists behind the con con scheme: to eliminate gun ownership and turn other god-given rights into state granted privileges that can be easily restricted or taken away entirely. Outlawing firearm ownership in America is part of a larger agenda to dismantle and destroy the United States of America from within and the global elite cannot turn the country into a third world cesspool so long as millions of Americans are armed.
DeWeese told WND that a Constitutional Convention would be “our worst nightmare in an age when you’ve got people who believe the Constitution is an antiquated document, we need to have everything from controls on guns … all of these U.N. treaties … and controls on how we raise our children.”
For now, a few dedicated people in Ohio have managed to delay another state from joining the push for a con con under the cover of a Balanced Budget Amendment, but as the blogger PeaceChicken notes, the government of Ohio will continue to push HJR 8 calling for a Constitutional Convention. It is up to activists and concerned citizens in Ohio to make sure this bill is defeated and the global elite is not allowed to eviscerate the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
Article printed from Prison Planet.com: http://www.prisonplanet.com
URL to article: http://www.prisonplanet.com/globalist-constitutional-convention-dealt-a-defeat-in-ohio.html
[1] Info wars: http://www.infowars.com/?p=6507
Globalist Constitutional Convention Dealt a Defeat in Ohio
Posted By admin On December 13, 2008 @ 4:21 am In Featured Stories | Comments Disabled
Kurt Nimmo
Info-wars [1]
Saturday, Dec 13, 2008
The global elite will not rest until they have undermined the last bastion that stands in their way as they attempt to dominate and subjugate of the once great republic of the United States — the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Over the years — but especially since September 11, 2001, and the creation of the phony GWOT against manufactured terrorists — the government has made great strides in curtailing the Bill of Rights.
Government has singled out and specifically attacked the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments. However, for the global elite and their minions in government, this piecemeal approach is too slow and often results in organized resistance and legal challenges.
So the global elite have decided on another tactic — change forever the Constitution and the Bill of Rights through a Constitutional Convention.
(ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW)
Article Five of the United States Constitution provides an option to assemble a national Convention to propose amendments to the Constitution as an alternative to the process of securing two-thirds approval in both houses of Congress.
Remarkably, thirty two states have called for a Constitutional Convention — allegedly to add a Balanced Budget Amendment to the Constitution – and it takes thirty four to begin the process.
If you have not heard about this, it is not a mistake — the corporate media is not reporting on it. A Google News search produces no stories on the subjected published by the mainstream media.
“A public policy organization has issued an urgent alert stating affirmative votes are needed from only two more states before a Constitutional Convention could be assembled in which ‘today’s corrupt politicians and judges’ could formally change the U.S. Constitution’s “problematic” provisions to reflect the philosophical and social mores of our contemporary society,’” writes Bob Unruh for World Net Daily.
“Don’t for one second doubt that delegates to a Con Con wouldn’t revise the First Amendment into a government-controlled privilege, replace the 2nd Amendment with a ‘collective’ right to self-defense, and abolish the 4th, 5th, and 10th Amendments, and the rest of the Bill of Rights,” Unruh quotes the American Policy Institute (API).
API was successful in stalling a vote on a Constitutional Convention in Ohio, thanks to the Constitution and Libertarian parties of Ohio that testified against the bill. “Members from Campaign for Liberty, Ohio Freedom Alliance, We Are Change Ohio, John Birch Society, Institute for Principled Policy, Constitution Party of Ohio, and the Libertarian Party of Ohio showed up in support [and] most of them testified,” reports the PeaceChicken blog.
“After seeing how many of us came, Committee Chairman Blessing changed his mind and decided not to vote on it today. In fact, he acted like it was a mistake that the paper said ‘possible vote.’ [Teri Owens of the Central Ohio John Birch Society] thinks it’ll probably be voted on at the next committee meeting (which will also probably not include further testimony) so we’ll need to keep watching.”
WorldNetDaily should be commended for reporting on this important story neglected by the corporate and much of the alternative media. Unfortunately, WorldNetDaily writer Bob Unruh turns the article into an anti-Obama screed and leans heavily on the false right-left paradigm to make his points, including Obama’s disingenuous calls for wealth redistribution and so-called political and economic justice. In 2001, Obama told Chicago’s public station WBEZ-FM that “redistributive change” is needed.
One has to wonder if Obama’s economic advisors — including Robert Rubin, director and senior counselor at Citigroup, and Timothy F. Geithner, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York — are up to speed on taking money from their rich friends and giving it to the poor who voted for Obama.
Tom DeWeese of the American Policy Institute warns that the ultimate outcome of a new con con “will likely be a new constitution, one that would possibly eliminate the Article 1 restriction to the coinage of real money or even eliminate gun or property rights.”
In fact, this is the real goal of the globalists behind the con con scheme: to eliminate gun ownership and turn other god-given rights into state granted privileges that can be easily restricted or taken away entirely. Outlawing firearm ownership in America is part of a larger agenda to dismantle and destroy the United States of America from within and the global elite cannot turn the country into a third world cesspool so long as millions of Americans are armed.
DeWeese told WND that a Constitutional Convention would be “our worst nightmare in an age when you’ve got people who believe the Constitution is an antiquated document, we need to have everything from controls on guns … all of these U.N. treaties … and controls on how we raise our children.”
For now, a few dedicated people in Ohio have managed to delay another state from joining the push for a con con under the cover of a Balanced Budget Amendment, but as the blogger PeaceChicken notes, the government of Ohio will continue to push HJR 8 calling for a Constitutional Convention. It is up to activists and concerned citizens in Ohio to make sure this bill is defeated and the global elite is not allowed to eviscerate the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
Article printed from Prison Planet.com: http://www.prisonplanet.com
URL to article: http://www.prisonplanet.com/globalist-constitutional-convention-dealt-a-defeat-in-ohio.html
[1] Info wars: http://www.infowars.com/?p=6507
Friday, November 18, 2011
I was told to expose who don't care. Well, heres one for you to see.
FAXED MESSAGE
April 5, 2009
LAW OFFICE OF
MICHAEL B. BRENHE, P.A.
Michael B. Brenhe
620 North Waymore Rd.
Suite 270 Maitland, Fl 32751
Attention: Lee M. Jacobson
Phone: (407) 654-2195
RE: Michelle M. Christensen
Clermont, Fl. 34711
Phone:
Dear Mr. Jacobson,
I’m writing this letter to you on my behalf regarding negligence and fraud.
The Carriers, Liberty Mutual and Wausau, and there attorney Laura Mackle along with my attorney Elliott Lucas, all knew they were defrauding me out of money going back from the very beginning of my case since 1998. They also knew they were not addressing my entire medical care starting from 1999.They forced me into this Mediation Settlement claim knowing in 2003 I had just learned about them defrauding me out of money over the years along with me confirming this with the Social Security office and, not to mention the Financial Services of Worker’s Compensation telling me about the bad faith they felt that was going on with my case.
In 2003 I contacted the Finical Services of Worker’s Compensation since the Carriers, Liberty Mutual and Wausau were not addressing my entire medical condition relating to my injury since 1999. After I had contacted the Financial Services of Workers compensation and spoke to Leane Roush, she later told me after her inquiry she felt there was bad faith going on with my case. She also stated she would address a letter to the Carriers named above asking them why they haven’t addressed my medical as asked by their own authorized treating doctors. She went on and stated, she would ask the Carriers for proof of services regarding medical care and treatment. They would not respond back to her requests, knowing they would be making a public record of her findings.
In 2004 Leane Roush also asked for a copy of the offset on how they came up with the figures regarding my income from the Carriers since I told her I couldn’t get a copy of that document even from my own attorney since the Mediation Settlement agreement took place in 1999.
Leane Roush also learned that some of my medical records were not on file in the doctor’s offices that I had seen over the years. She informed me that the Carriers, Liberty Mutual and Wausau, were also defrauding me out of money and she would fax me some documents to prove that claim.
In 2004 I also was told by the Social Security office that the Carriers, Liberty Mutual and Wausau, were not paying me right by their own records on file and could not show me a document or record regarding the offset of how they came up with those figures on record from the Carriers on file at the Social Security office, Why? I still to date do not have that record as I have asked for it from my own attorney since 1999. Now I ask you, doesn’t that fall under fraud knowing I should have had something in writing pertaining to the offset regarding my settlement claim and regarding my income before I agreed to one?
In November and December of 1999 while at South Shore Hospital, I was accused of taken illegal drugs along with five other patents while I was at this hospital. I was also threatened by a doctor if I knew what was best I would keep my mouth shut or he would see to it I would be so bad off that no doctor would want to waste their time helping me. He also threatened me not to say anything about them falsifying our medical records along with knowing I almost lost my life while I was under their care. He also threatened me that if I said anything after getting out of there, I better talk to someone who had lots of knowledge under their belts, because I’m going to need all the help I can get. Elliott Lucas knew of this during the time I was there, and told me not to leave the hospital because they would use that against me if I left the hospital as I wanted to leave because of becoming ill and the lack of medical care. I also have witnesses to this threat put to me and about this claim. I had asked for my medical records from South Shore Hospital, but they would not let me have them before getting out of there in December. I tried getting my medical records in 2000 and later in 2001 but still had no luck getting my medical records from South Shore hospital.
In 2002 I still couldn’t get my medical records even after a subpoena for the records at South Shore Hospital. All I got was summaries, and those are not medical records.
In 2004 the Health Department was looking into to my case since Leane Roush notified them about me trying to get my medical records from South Shore Hospital along with telling them there were also other doctors who did not have my medical files in their office that I saw under workers’ Compensation. Sometime after they were notified and looking into my case I called them to see why I hadn’t received my medical records, yet. This is when I found out my attorney stopped their requests, regarding my medical records by telling them he had the records they were looking for, why?
The Carriers, Liberty Mutual and Wausau, there attorney Laura Mackle and my attorney Elliott Lucas, did not tell the truth in court about a Dr. Cheshire who I saw at the Mayo Clinic back in 2000 under my husband’s insurance whom at the time was not my treating doctor. In court they tell the judge Dr. Cheshire became my treating doctor in 2004 took a deposition from him and dismissed my medical care saying there was nothing wrong with my Autonomic Nervous System. Even though they knew they were not telling the truth since I had not seen Dr. Cheshire since 2000 and along with knowing he was not my treating doctor. Not to mention, they refused to let me stay and finish treatment at the Mayo Clinic even though they were told all my problems were related to my injury at the time I was there in 2000.
My attorney Elliott Lucas, Laura Mackle and the Mediator all knew I had not agreed to any kind of settlement in 2005 regarding the mediation that was set for on January 24, 2005. They also address something about a mediation that was set in 2004 regarding a settlement. I was not told about this mediation or knew anything about a settlement in 2004. They also make it look like I don’t show up for this mediation and have the judge order me to be at the next mediation in person that was now set for January 24, 2005. I can tell you I had no idea of this until after I started to look over my court records in 2008. Oh, and something about a demand letter in 2004 regarding a settlement that the judge sites in the records. What demand letter in 2004? I didn’t even know of this letter from my own attorney or anything about a mediation settlement in 2004 until the judge brings it up in the records.
They authorized doctor Cheshire to be my treating doctor that I hadn’t seen since 2000 and who was not my treating doctor at the time. Take a deposition from him and make it look like he was my treating doctor in court and then dismisses my medical care knowing they were not telling the truth in court. They hadn’t addressed my entire medical since 1999 knowing I hadn’t received any proper medical care for the Autonomic Nervous System which is part of my compensation. As also noted, and said by CMS-Medicare.
Laura Mackle, Elliott Lucas, Carriers Liberty Mutual and Wausau even make it look like there were no referrals for me to go to the Mayo Clinic or John Hopkins from any of their treating doctors regarding my condition addressing my Autonomic Nervous System for treatment. As you will see, it is not true.
The bottom line is they all knew I had just found out in 2004 from the Financial Services of Worker’s Compensation that they were defrauding me out of funds over the years going back to the beginning of my case. That’s way they forced me into this Mediation Settlement in 2005, saying I agreed to this claim when they knew they were not telling the truth about this settlement.
You seem to think I had a hearing before this Mediation or a hearing regarding this claim. I can tell you I did not have a hearing regarding this claim. I had a Hearing after the Mediation telling me I agreed to this settlement claim that I did not agree to, in the first place. That’s the hearing I had and also couldn’t talk about things do to it being confidential.
The Worker’s Compensation Laws under 60 Q 6.10. Mediation generally, please read
(2)(4)(5)(6) and (7). I can tell you that’s not how my case went under the Laws of Worker’s Compensation. I was never at a Mediation Conference and nor did I request a private Mediation for a Settlement. Please find these documents that say I did? You won’t find my name on them unless my name was forged.
I can tell you a lot more that’s wrong with my case but I think I have said enough for now. As you said you only wanted two pages addressing negligence. What about fraud and perjury?
I also want to thank you, for taking an interest in my case.
Michelle M Christensen
PS. This attorney would not take my case after reviewing this letter, due to the fraud involved in this case.
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Thought you should read this too!
LETTER BY A
FLORIDA TEACHER
A TEACHER
SPEAKS OUT
Do you know that we have adult students at the school where I teach who are NOT
U.S. Citizens and who get the PELL Grant, which is a federal grant (no
Payback required) plus other federal grants to go to school?
One student from the Dominican Republic told me that she didn't want me to find a job for her
after she finished my program, because she was getting housing from our housing department and she was getting a PELL Grant which paid for her total tuition and books, plus money leftover.
She was looking into WAIT which gives students a CREDIT CARD for gas to come to school, and into CARIBE which is a special program (check it out - I did) for Immigrants and it pays for child Care and all sorts of needs while they go to School or training. The one student I just mentioned told me she was not going to be a U.S. Citizen because she plans to return to the Dominican Republic someday and that she 'loves HER country.'
I asked her if she felt guilty taking what the U.S. is giving her and then not even bothering to become a citizen and she told me that it doesn't bother her, because that is what the money is there for!
I asked the CARIBE administration about their program and they told me if you ARE a U.S. Citizen, you don't qualify for their Program. And all the while, I am working a full day, my son-in-law works more than 60 hours a week, and everyone in my family works and pays for their own
Education..
Something is wrong here. I am sorry, but after hearing that they want to sing the
National Anthem in Spanish – ENOUGH IS ENOUGH!!!! That's a real slap in the
face!!!!! It was written by Francis Scott Key and should be sung word for word the way it was written. The news broadcasts even gave the translation – it wasn’t even close.
I don't care whether this offends someone or not but this is MY COUNTRY. IF IT IS YOUR COUNTRY SPEAK UP – please pass this along. I am not against immigration -- I just expect immigrants to come through like everyone else. Get a sponsor; have a place to lay your head; have a job; pay your taxes, live by the rules AND LEARN THE LANGUAGE as all other immigrants have in the past -- and GOD BLESS AMERICA!
PART OF THE PROBLEM - Think about this:
If you don't want to forward this for fear of offending someone –
YOU'RE PART OF THE PROBLEM!
It is Time for America to speak up. If you agree -- pass this along,
If you don't agree -- delete it!
FLORIDA TEACHER
A TEACHER
SPEAKS OUT
Do you know that we have adult students at the school where I teach who are NOT
U.S. Citizens and who get the PELL Grant, which is a federal grant (no
Payback required) plus other federal grants to go to school?
One student from the Dominican Republic told me that she didn't want me to find a job for her
after she finished my program, because she was getting housing from our housing department and she was getting a PELL Grant which paid for her total tuition and books, plus money leftover.
She was looking into WAIT which gives students a CREDIT CARD for gas to come to school, and into CARIBE which is a special program (check it out - I did) for Immigrants and it pays for child Care and all sorts of needs while they go to School or training. The one student I just mentioned told me she was not going to be a U.S. Citizen because she plans to return to the Dominican Republic someday and that she 'loves HER country.'
I asked her if she felt guilty taking what the U.S. is giving her and then not even bothering to become a citizen and she told me that it doesn't bother her, because that is what the money is there for!
I asked the CARIBE administration about their program and they told me if you ARE a U.S. Citizen, you don't qualify for their Program. And all the while, I am working a full day, my son-in-law works more than 60 hours a week, and everyone in my family works and pays for their own
Education..
Something is wrong here. I am sorry, but after hearing that they want to sing the
National Anthem in Spanish – ENOUGH IS ENOUGH!!!! That's a real slap in the
face!!!!! It was written by Francis Scott Key and should be sung word for word the way it was written. The news broadcasts even gave the translation – it wasn’t even close.
I don't care whether this offends someone or not but this is MY COUNTRY. IF IT IS YOUR COUNTRY SPEAK UP – please pass this along. I am not against immigration -- I just expect immigrants to come through like everyone else. Get a sponsor; have a place to lay your head; have a job; pay your taxes, live by the rules AND LEARN THE LANGUAGE as all other immigrants have in the past -- and GOD BLESS AMERICA!
PART OF THE PROBLEM - Think about this:
If you don't want to forward this for fear of offending someone –
YOU'RE PART OF THE PROBLEM!
It is Time for America to speak up. If you agree -- pass this along,
If you don't agree -- delete it!
Monday, November 7, 2011
Corruption within the Court, makes "Fraud upon the Court": "NO" member of the Judicial Branch...as attorneys ...
Corruption within the Court, makes "Fraud upon the Court": "NO" member of the Judicial Branch...as attorneys ...: by Michelle Christensen on Monday, November 7, 2011 at 10:55pm Expose Judicial Corruption of our Legislation. Why members of the judicia...
"NO" member of the Judicial Branch...as attorneys and judges can serve another branch in Govenment:
by Michelle Christensen on Monday, November 7, 2011 at 10:55pm
As Nancy Schaefer, State Senator from Georgia, said in a recent speech: "Child Protective Services, (CPS), is one of the most evil, corrup branches of government in America today!!!!
Americansforlegalreform@yahoo.com
www.american4legalrefom.com
www.judicalaccountability.org
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Please share, and I hope you'll help with this cause!
Dear Daily Readers,
WND occasionally sends emails like this one to introduce major advertisers to there loyal readers and valued customers.
Please take a few moments to consider their message.
By,Joseph Farah
Founder and chief executive officer
of WND.com Inc.
As you can see, the 9th Circuit
Bans God in School
Dear Friends,
It's okay for teachers to honor Buddha in their classrooms, but not God.
That's what a 3-judge panel of the federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held last month. The court ordered that all banners mentioning "God", including "In God We Trust" be taken down. And we need your help to appeal that ruling.
The Court ridiculed the historical fact of "God's role in our Nation's history."
The Court's target was Brad Johnson, a highly respected math teacher for the Poway Unified School District in San Diego, CA. Click here to donate to Brad's fight.
That's because for over two decades, Brad displayed banners in his classroom that included our national motto, "In God We Trust, " and other patriotic phrases that mentioned God: "One Nation Under God, " "God Bless America, " and "God Shed His Grace On Thee."
But in 2007, school officials ordered him to take down his banners because they promoted a Judeo-Christian viewpoint by referring to "God, " and might offend a Muslim student.
A Double Standard. School officials left untouched: a 40 foot string of Tibetan prayer flags with images of Buddha strung across the classroom; posters of Hindu leader Mahatma Gandhi, Muslim leader Malcolm X, and Buddhist leader Dali Lama.
The School District admitted that Brad never attempted to proselytize his students; that he was one of the best math teachers in the District.
Rather than cave-in, Brad chose to fight with the help of the Thomas More Law Center. We agreed to represent Brad without charge. And ever since, Brad has been locked in a lengthy legal battle.
The Law Center doesn't merely talk about the issues close to your heart, we take action.
Can you help Brad by making a tax-deductible contribution to support his ongoing case?
Please click here to donate.
The Ninth Circuit's opinion overruled a 2010 lower court decision which had held that the School District violated Brad Johnson's constitutional rights when it ordered him to take down his classroom banners.
We will now appeal the decision to the entire Ninth Circuit bench by filing our petition for en banc review. If that's not successful, we will petition the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case.
You can make a difference!
At a time when public schools and federal courts are cleansing classrooms of America's Christian heritage and undermining students' sense of patriotism, this courageous Christian teacher is fighting back. Don't let him fight alone.
Brad Johnson and the Thomas More Law Center depend upon your generosity to fund his fight. To make a tax-deductible donation, please click here.
Thanks for all your help.
Sincerely,
Richard Thompson, President
Thomas More Law Center
The Thomas More Law Center is a national not-for-profit public interest law firm based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It defends America's Judeo-Christian heritage and moral values, a strong national defense and an independent and sovereign United States of America.
Please Forward to Family and Friends
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World Net Daily | 2020 Pennsylvania Ave NW, #351 | Washington, DC 20006
Copyright 1997-2010 WorldNetDaily.com Inc. All Rights Reserved.
WND occasionally sends emails like this one to introduce major advertisers to there loyal readers and valued customers.
Please take a few moments to consider their message.
By,Joseph Farah
Founder and chief executive officer
of WND.com Inc.
As you can see, the 9th Circuit
Bans God in School
Dear Friends,
It's okay for teachers to honor Buddha in their classrooms, but not God.
That's what a 3-judge panel of the federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held last month. The court ordered that all banners mentioning "God", including "In God We Trust" be taken down. And we need your help to appeal that ruling.
The Court ridiculed the historical fact of "God's role in our Nation's history."
The Court's target was Brad Johnson, a highly respected math teacher for the Poway Unified School District in San Diego, CA. Click here to donate to Brad's fight.
That's because for over two decades, Brad displayed banners in his classroom that included our national motto, "In God We Trust, " and other patriotic phrases that mentioned God: "One Nation Under God, " "God Bless America, " and "God Shed His Grace On Thee."
But in 2007, school officials ordered him to take down his banners because they promoted a Judeo-Christian viewpoint by referring to "God, " and might offend a Muslim student.
A Double Standard. School officials left untouched: a 40 foot string of Tibetan prayer flags with images of Buddha strung across the classroom; posters of Hindu leader Mahatma Gandhi, Muslim leader Malcolm X, and Buddhist leader Dali Lama.
The School District admitted that Brad never attempted to proselytize his students; that he was one of the best math teachers in the District.
Rather than cave-in, Brad chose to fight with the help of the Thomas More Law Center. We agreed to represent Brad without charge. And ever since, Brad has been locked in a lengthy legal battle.
The Law Center doesn't merely talk about the issues close to your heart, we take action.
Can you help Brad by making a tax-deductible contribution to support his ongoing case?
Please click here to donate.
The Ninth Circuit's opinion overruled a 2010 lower court decision which had held that the School District violated Brad Johnson's constitutional rights when it ordered him to take down his classroom banners.
We will now appeal the decision to the entire Ninth Circuit bench by filing our petition for en banc review. If that's not successful, we will petition the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case.
You can make a difference!
At a time when public schools and federal courts are cleansing classrooms of America's Christian heritage and undermining students' sense of patriotism, this courageous Christian teacher is fighting back. Don't let him fight alone.
Brad Johnson and the Thomas More Law Center depend upon your generosity to fund his fight. To make a tax-deductible donation, please click here.
Thanks for all your help.
Sincerely,
Richard Thompson, President
Thomas More Law Center
The Thomas More Law Center is a national not-for-profit public interest law firm based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It defends America's Judeo-Christian heritage and moral values, a strong national defense and an independent and sovereign United States of America.
Please Forward to Family and Friends
If you are unable to see images in the message above, click here.
This email was sent to fawnmeadowsmc@aol.com as a subscriber to the Offers from Carefully Selected Offers from Third Parties e-mail list.
To change your e-mail delivery preferences or unsubscribe, please click here
If you are interested in advertising with WND.com, the leading
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Copyright 1997-2010 WorldNetDaily.com Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thursday, October 13, 2011
Please share and read!
FCC RESPONSE to RON PAUL MEDIA BLACK OUT...sounds like they ADMIT ITS TRUE!
Dear Consumer,
This is with respect to your complaint that the news media is not appropriately covering Ron Paul's candidacy for president. At the outset, I should state that the FCC does not have jurisdiction over the written media. Although the FCC does license broadcast stations, we have virtually no control over th...e content of what they air. That is because they are afforded freedom of speech under the First Amendment. Further, there is a specific section of the Communications that prohibits the FCC from censoring program content. The result is that stations have broad discretion in determining what material is aired (short of obscenity, indecency, and matters that present a clear and present danger). Stations can therefore select whatever they want to include in their newscasts and who they interview on interview or call-in programs. With only limited time available for such programming, stations have to use their journalistic judgment as to what to include and what not to include, and the FCC cannot substitute our views for their decisions.
Although there is an equal opportunities law that applies to political candidates, Congress has enacted several exceptions that pretty much limit its application to paid political announcements. Among the exceptions are candidate appearances in newscasts, on regularly scheduled interview programs, and in candidate debates. A candidate's appearance in any of those contexts does not, therefore, create a right of equal time for opponents. Thus, other Republican candidates might be covered more on the news and interview programs, and stations may not appropriately cover Mr. Paul's candidacy, but that is all within an individual station's discretion, and he would not be entitled to equal coverage.
We have found, however, that stations are responsive to the public's comments, and if they receive enough complaints, they could very well modify their programming to provide enhanced coverage of Mr. Paul.
Thank You
FCCInfo@fcc.govSee More
LikeUnlike · · 8 minutes ago ·
Dear Consumer,
This is with respect to your complaint that the news media is not appropriately covering Ron Paul's candidacy for president. At the outset, I should state that the FCC does not have jurisdiction over the written media. Although the FCC does license broadcast stations, we have virtually no control over th...e content of what they air. That is because they are afforded freedom of speech under the First Amendment. Further, there is a specific section of the Communications that prohibits the FCC from censoring program content. The result is that stations have broad discretion in determining what material is aired (short of obscenity, indecency, and matters that present a clear and present danger). Stations can therefore select whatever they want to include in their newscasts and who they interview on interview or call-in programs. With only limited time available for such programming, stations have to use their journalistic judgment as to what to include and what not to include, and the FCC cannot substitute our views for their decisions.
Although there is an equal opportunities law that applies to political candidates, Congress has enacted several exceptions that pretty much limit its application to paid political announcements. Among the exceptions are candidate appearances in newscasts, on regularly scheduled interview programs, and in candidate debates. A candidate's appearance in any of those contexts does not, therefore, create a right of equal time for opponents. Thus, other Republican candidates might be covered more on the news and interview programs, and stations may not appropriately cover Mr. Paul's candidacy, but that is all within an individual station's discretion, and he would not be entitled to equal coverage.
We have found, however, that stations are responsive to the public's comments, and if they receive enough complaints, they could very well modify their programming to provide enhanced coverage of Mr. Paul.
Thank You
FCCInfo@fcc.govSee More
LikeUnlike · · 8 minutes ago ·
My Letter to the Florida Bar: As they claim, are going to help me. So we will see.
October 13, 2011
Florida Bar
651 East Jefferson Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Phone:(850) 561-5600
Attorney Counsel: Francisco-Javier
Re:Michelle M.Christensen
Dear Francisco,
Think you for taking the timeout today, as to call me about my complaint to you.
As to our conversation today, I’m addressing a letter to you, as you had requested that I do about Sarah Dennis. As you know, Sarah has abandoned me as being my attorney. It has also been several months, since I have not heard from her or have received a call. And now for almost two years, as waiting to address the court by Sarah Dennis as addressing the Brief Complaint Summary for court. As you know, I did not want to file a complaint against her. But as you can see, I had no choice.
I’m filing an attorney misconduct claim against Sarah and along with theft charges as Sarah taking money from me in the amount rendered of $8,000.00 dollars, back on February 2010. As claiming, was going to help me address a fraud complaint summary for court. For fraud, theft, false claims, perjury, misleading evidence, withholding evidence, committing attorney and judicial misconduct, forgery, intrinsic fraud, and addressing a fraud upon the court claim.
As you know, I had also filed with the Florida Bar, a complaint against those involved in the case that Sarah was addressing on my behalf. As she had also noted, they had committed fraud against me too. The number under that claim is 10-4175, as pertaining to Elliott Lucas, Laura Mackle and the judge Media Shore. Who, at that time was committing fraud upon the court against me, during that time back in 2007?
As "Fraud upon the court should...embrace only that species of fraud which does or attempts to, subvert the integrity of the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by the officers of the court, so that the judicial machinery cannot perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication, as should relief as should be denied in the absence of such conduct".
"While an attorney should represent his client with singular loyalty, that loyalty obviously does not demand that he act dishonestly or fraudulently: On the contrary, his loyalty to the court, as an officer thereof, demands integrity and honest dealing with the court. And when he departs from that standard in conduct of a case, he perpetrates “fraud upon the court." As Fraud within the Court, makes “Void”
In support of the foregoing proposition, the court cites to cases which lead to distinguish intrinsic fraud from extrinsic fraud. Compare U.S. v. Throckmorton, 98 U.S. 61, 25 L. Ed 93 (1878), with Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford Empire Co., 64 S. Ct. 997 (1944). In the later case of Hazel-Atlas, like in Mr. Weekly’s case, fraud was of an "Extrinsic nature", tantamount to fraud upon the court which corrupted the very integrity of the judicial machinery, and as such is actionable before the trial court.
A cause of action for fraud on the court may be brought at any time, and any order, judgment or decree, obtained by fraud upon the court may be recalled and set aside at any time, whether entered in a civil or criminal case. See, State v. Booker, 314 So. 2d 136 (Fla.1975) Burton stands for the proposition that an order produced by fraud upon the court, including an order denying a motion for post conviction relief, may be set aside at any time. See, Booker v. State, 503 So., 2d 888 (Fla.1987).
As I, have evidence to show they have committed those acts and to show the theft they have done against me, too. Thank you for addressing this claim, as I hope we can resolve this claim too.
Sincerely,
Michelle M. Christensen
Florida Bar
651 East Jefferson Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Phone:(850) 561-5600
Attorney Counsel: Francisco-Javier
Re:Michelle M.Christensen
Dear Francisco,
Think you for taking the timeout today, as to call me about my complaint to you.
As to our conversation today, I’m addressing a letter to you, as you had requested that I do about Sarah Dennis. As you know, Sarah has abandoned me as being my attorney. It has also been several months, since I have not heard from her or have received a call. And now for almost two years, as waiting to address the court by Sarah Dennis as addressing the Brief Complaint Summary for court. As you know, I did not want to file a complaint against her. But as you can see, I had no choice.
I’m filing an attorney misconduct claim against Sarah and along with theft charges as Sarah taking money from me in the amount rendered of $8,000.00 dollars, back on February 2010. As claiming, was going to help me address a fraud complaint summary for court. For fraud, theft, false claims, perjury, misleading evidence, withholding evidence, committing attorney and judicial misconduct, forgery, intrinsic fraud, and addressing a fraud upon the court claim.
As you know, I had also filed with the Florida Bar, a complaint against those involved in the case that Sarah was addressing on my behalf. As she had also noted, they had committed fraud against me too. The number under that claim is 10-4175, as pertaining to Elliott Lucas, Laura Mackle and the judge Media Shore. Who, at that time was committing fraud upon the court against me, during that time back in 2007?
As "Fraud upon the court should...embrace only that species of fraud which does or attempts to, subvert the integrity of the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by the officers of the court, so that the judicial machinery cannot perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication, as should relief as should be denied in the absence of such conduct".
"While an attorney should represent his client with singular loyalty, that loyalty obviously does not demand that he act dishonestly or fraudulently: On the contrary, his loyalty to the court, as an officer thereof, demands integrity and honest dealing with the court. And when he departs from that standard in conduct of a case, he perpetrates “fraud upon the court." As Fraud within the Court, makes “Void”
In support of the foregoing proposition, the court cites to cases which lead to distinguish intrinsic fraud from extrinsic fraud. Compare U.S. v. Throckmorton, 98 U.S. 61, 25 L. Ed 93 (1878), with Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford Empire Co., 64 S. Ct. 997 (1944). In the later case of Hazel-Atlas, like in Mr. Weekly’s case, fraud was of an "Extrinsic nature", tantamount to fraud upon the court which corrupted the very integrity of the judicial machinery, and as such is actionable before the trial court.
A cause of action for fraud on the court may be brought at any time, and any order, judgment or decree, obtained by fraud upon the court may be recalled and set aside at any time, whether entered in a civil or criminal case. See, State v. Booker, 314 So. 2d 136 (Fla.1975) Burton stands for the proposition that an order produced by fraud upon the court, including an order denying a motion for post conviction relief, may be set aside at any time. See, Booker v. State, 503 So., 2d 888 (Fla.1987).
As I, have evidence to show they have committed those acts and to show the theft they have done against me, too. Thank you for addressing this claim, as I hope we can resolve this claim too.
Sincerely,
Michelle M. Christensen
OPERATION CLEAN SWEEP, (OCS)
NEW PRESS RELEASE
OPERATION CLEAN SWEEP, (OCS)
Action/Activity:
To Remove Layers from the Judicial Branch
Operation Clean Sweep, (OCS) is a new Website that will reveal the Unconstitutional acts of the State Bars, of their Corrupt Practices and of Fraudulent Existences.
If you would like to learn more about this website, or would like to help us in anyway, or with the cost, please contact us at the information below.
Contact: Nancy Grant or Michelle Christensen
Nancy’s Cell Phone: (863) 558-3266 or Michelle’s Email: fawnmeadowsmc@aol.com
There are about 700 Media Contacts, all State House Representatives, State Senates, and Congressional members. Including, United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee, who will also be receiving this briefing, on the Operation Clean Sweep, press release.
You can review the OCS, Website and review the 1949 Florida Bar Petition (paragraph 35) “as attorneys are not under the law”, as they “are officers of the court” which automatically makes them members of the Judicial Branch. We have elected officers in every state, as holding two offices at the same time the Legislative and the judicial. Throughout the United States, we also have State Prosecutors working in our Courtrooms that are also State Legislators. What about the Separation of Power, as to addressing the laws in a State, as to other States, and addressing the laws under the Constitution? OCS, Website will bring this to focus as we address this issue on corruption as to the scenario to what exists throughout the country.
There’s a Bill, under HJR633 that was created in the late 1990’s. As to, remove the Florida Bar as the arm of the Supreme Court, and place attorneys under the Legislative Branch. The attorneys would then become regulated, such as contractors, doctors, nurses, midwives, etc. Bill HJR633 as to House Joint Resolution 633, also need to be edited and re-introduced as another Bill. Two Legislators, one from the House and one from the Senate need to step up to the plate and edit and sponsor a new Bill in every state.
You can also learn, and also see how the Florida Bar has “Bifurcated the Courts”. Most people don’t even know what “bifurcated” means. We must learn our laws, under the Constitution. So we can also hold our elected officials who have sworn into office, accountable for not upholding the law. And I can tell you, every State Bar in the United States, has bifurcated the courts.
Lee Winston produced a radio show called “Disbar the Florida bar”. Guests have been interviewed who have been victimized by the failures of the Florida Bar in its role as an arm of the Supreme Court of Florida. If you are not aware of the extreme misbehaviors you can visit this website, at www.disbarthefloridabar.com and listen to direct testimony by visiting the archives of past interviews.
Violations in the Courts are also repetitive throughout the U.S. in this country. Responses from members of the Legislative Branch will be posted on the Operation Clean Sweep’s website, after confirmation that they have received this information. Look for “Legislative Responses” on the OCS Website, as to the supportive responses will be posted as a Green Light. Negative responses and non-responses will be as Red Lights, supporting the corruption. The OCS, Website has a national agenda too.
I have retyped this letter for Nancy, but also asking for you to reach out to her as to helping her, for addressing this cause she has brought forth as addressing this cause under Operation Clean Sweep’s website.
Sincerely,
Michelle M. Christensen
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
Corruption within the Court, makes "Fraud upon the Court": Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure's as Name...
Corruption within the Court, makes "Fraud upon the Court": Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure's as Name...: Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Part I - Crimes Chapter 1 - General Provisions § 2 Principals § 3 Accessory after the fact § 4...
Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure's as Names:
Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure
Part I - Crimes Chapter 1 - General Provisions
§ 2 Principals
§ 3 Accessory after the fact
§ 4 Misprision of felony
§ 5 United States defined
§ 6 Department and agency defined
§ 7 Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States defined
§ 8 Obligation or other security of the United States defined
§ 9 Vessel of the United States defined
§ 10 Interstate commerce and foreign commerce defined
§ 11 Foreign government defined
§ 12 United States Postal Service defined
§ 13 Laws of States adopted for areas within Federal jurisdiction
§ 15 Obligation or other security of foreign government defined
§ 16 Crime of violence defined
§ 17 Insanity defense
§ 18 Organization defined
§ 19 Petty offense defined
§ 20 Financial institution defined
§ 21 Stolen or counterfeit nature of property for certain crimes defined
§ 24 Definitions relating to Federal health care offense
§ 25 Use of minors in crimes of violence
§ 26 Definition of seaport
§ 27 Mortgage lending business defined
Chapter 2 - Aircraft and Motor Vehicles
§ 31 Definitions
§ 32 Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities
§ 33 Destruction of motor vehicles or motor vehicle facilities
§ 34 Penalty when death results
§ 35 Imparting or conveying false information
§ 36 Drive-by shooting
§ 37 Violence at international airports
§ 38 Fraud involving aircraft or space vehicle parts in interstate or foreign commerce
§ 39 Traffic signal preemption transmitters
§ 40 Commercial motor vehicles required to stop for inspections
Chapter 3 - Animals, Birds, Fish, and Plants
§ 41 Hunting, fishing, trapping; disturbance or injury on wildlife refuges
§ 42 Importation or shipment of injurious mammals, birds, fish (including mollusks and crustacean), amphibian, and reptiles; permits, specimens for museums; regulations
§ 43 Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises
§ 46 Transportation of water hyacinths
§ 47 Use of aircraft or motor vehicles to hunt certain wild horses or burros; pollution of watering holes
§ 48 Depiction of animal cruelty
§ 49 Enforcement of animal fighting prohibitions
Chapter 7 - Assault
§ 111 Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees
§ 112 Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons
§ 113 Assaults within maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 114 Maiming within maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 115 Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or injuring a family member
§ 116 Female genital mutilation
§ 117 Domestic assault by an habitual offender
§ 118 Interference with certain protective functions
§ 119 Protection of individuals performing certain official duties
Chapter 9 - Bankruptcy
§ 151 Definition
§ 152 Concealment of assets; false oaths and claims; bribery
§ 153 Embezzlement against estate
§ 154 Adverse interest and conduct of officers
§ 155 Fee agreements in cases under title 11 and receivership's
§ 156 Knowing disregard of bankruptcy law or rule
§ 157 Bankruptcy fraud
§ 158 Designation of United States attorneys and agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to address abusive reaffirmations of debt and materially fraudulent statements in bankruptcy schedules
Chapter 10 - Biological Weapons
§ 175 Prohibitions with respect to biological weapons
§ 175a Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 175b Possession by restricted persons
§ 175c Varietal virus
§ 176 Seizure, forfeiture, and destruction
§ 177 Injunctions
§ 178 Definitions
Chapter 11 - Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest
§ 201 Bribery of public officials and witnesses
§ 202 Definitions
§ 203 Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government
§ 204 Practice in United States Court of Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by Members of Congress
§ 205 Activities of officers and employees in claims against and other matters affecting the Government
§ 206 Exemption of retired officers of the uniformed services
§ 207 Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches
§ 208 Acts affecting a personal financial interest
§ 209 Salary of Government officials and employees payable only by United States
§ 210 Offer to procure appointive public office
§ 211 Acceptance or solicitation to obtain appointive public office
§ 212 Offer of loan or gratuity to financial institution examiner
§ 213 Acceptance of loan or gratuity by financial institution examiner
§ 214 Offer for procurement of Federal Reserve bank loan and discount of commercial paper
§ 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans
§ 216 Penalties and injunctions
§ 217 Acceptance of consideration for adjustment of farm indebtedness
§ 218 Voiding transactions in violation of chapter; recovery by the United States
§ 219 Officers and employees acting as agents of foreign principals
§ 224 Bribery in sporting contests
§ 225 Continuing financial crimes enterprise
§ 226 Bribery affecting port security
§ 227 Wrongfully influencing a private entity’s employment decisions by a Member of Congress
Chapter 11B - Chemical Weapons
§ 229 Prohibited activities
§ 229A Penalties
§ 229B Criminal forfeitures; destruction of weapons
§ 229C Individual self-defense devices
§ 229D Injunctions
§ 229E Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 229F Definitions
Chapter 12 - Civil Disorders
§ 231 Civil disorders
§ 232 Definitions
§ 233 Preemption
Chapter 13 - Civil Rights
§ 241 Conspiracy against rights
§ 242 Deprivation of rights under color of law
§ 243 Exclusion of jurors on account of race or color
§ 244 Discrimination against person wearing uniform of armed forces
§ 245 Federally protected activities
§ 246 Deprivation of relief benefits
§ 247 Damage to religious property; obstruction of persons in the free exercise of religious beliefs
§ 248 Freedom of access to clinic entrances
§ 249 Hate crime acts
Chapter 15 - Claims and Services in Matters Affecting Government
§ 285 Taking or using papers relating to claims
§ 286 Conspiracy to defraud the Government with respect to claims
§ 287 False, fictitious or fraudulent claims
§ 288 False claims for postal losses
§ 289 False claims for pensions
§ 290 Discharge papers withheld by claim agent
§ 291 Purchase of claims for fees by court officials
§ 292 Solicitation of employment and receipt of unapproved fees concerning Federal employees’ compensation
Chapter 17 - Coins and Currency
§ 331 Mutilation, diminution, and falsification of coins
§ 332 Debasement of coins; alteration of official scales, or embezzlement of metals
§ 333 Mutilation of national bank obligations
§ 334 Issuance of Federal Reserve or national bank notes
§ 335 Circulation of obligations of expired corporations
§ 336 Issuance of circulating obligations of less than $1
§ 337 Coins as security for loans
Chapter 17A - Common Carrier Operation Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs
§ 341 Definitions
§ 342 Operation of a common carrier under the influence of alcohol or drugs
§ 343 Presumptions
Chapter 19 - Conspiracy
§ 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States
§ 372 Conspiracy to impede or injure officer
§ 373 Solicitation to commit a crime of violence
Chapter 21 - Contempt's
§ 401 Power of court
§ 402 Contempt's constituting crimes
§ 403 Protection of the privacy of child victims and child witnesses
Chapter 23 - Contracts
§ 431 Contracts by Member of Congress
§ 432 Officer or employee contracting with Member of Congress
§ 433 Exemptions with respect to certain contracts
§ 435 Contracts in excess of specific appropriation
§ 436 Convict labor contracts
§ 440 Mail contracts
§ 441 Postal supply contracts
§ 442 Printing contracts
§ 443 War contracts
Chapter 25 - Counterfeiting and Forgery
§ 470 Counterfeit acts committed outside the United States
§ 471 Obligations or securities of United States
§ 472 Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities
§ 473 Dealing in counterfeit obligations or securities
§ 474 Plates, stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images for counterfeiting obligations or securities
§ 474A Deterrents to counterfeiting of obligations and securities
§ 475 Imitating obligations or securities; advertisements
§ 476 Taking impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
§ 477 Possessing or selling impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
§ 478 Foreign obligations or securities
§ 479 Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
§ 480 Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
§ 481 Plates, stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images for counterfeiting foreign obligations or securities
§ 482 Foreign bank notes
§ 483 Uttering counterfeit foreign bank notes
§ 484 Connecting parts of different notes
§ 485 Coins or bars
§ 486 Uttering coins of gold, silver or other metal
§ 487 Making or possessing counterfeit dies for coins
§ 488 Making or possessing counterfeit dies for foreign coins
§ 489 Making or possessing likeness of coins
§ 490 Minor coins
§ 491 Tokens or paper used as money
§ 492 Forfeiture of counterfeit paraphernalia
§ 493 Bonds and obligations of certain lending agencies
§ 494 Contractors’ bonds, bids, and public records
§ 495 Contracts, deeds, and powers of attorney
§ 496 Customs matters
§ 497 Letters patent
§ 498 Military or naval discharge certificates
§ 499 Military, naval, or official passes
§ 500 Money orders
§ 501 Postage stamps, postage meter stamps, and postal cards
§ 502 Postage and revenue stamps of foreign governments
§ 503 Postmarking stamps
§ 504 Printing and filming of United States and foreign obligations and securities
§ 505 Seals of courts; signatures of judges or court officers
§ 506 Seals of departments or agencies
§ 507 Ship’s papers
§ 508 Transportation requests of Government
§ 509 Possessing and making plates or stones for Government transportation requests
§ 510 Forging endorsements on Treasury checks or bonds or securities of the United States
§ 511 Altering or removing motor vehicle identification numbers
§ 511A Unauthorized application of theft prevention decal or device
§ 512 Forfeiture of certain motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts
§ 513 Securities of the States and private entities
§ 514 Fictitious obligations
Chapter 27 - Customs
§ 541 Entry of goods falsely classified
§ 542 Entry of goods by means of false statements
§ 543 Entry of goods for less than legal duty
§ 544 Relanding of goods
§ 545 Smuggling goods into the United States
§ 546 Smuggling goods into foreign countries
§ 547 Depositing goods in buildings on boundaries
§ 548 Removing or repacking goods in warehouses
§ 549 Removing goods from customs custody; breaking seals
§ 550 False claim for refund of duties
§ 551 Concealing or destroying invoices or other papers
§ 552 Officers aiding importation of obscene or treasonous books and articles
§ 553 Importation or exportation of stolen motor vehicles, off-highway mobile equipment, vessels, or aircraft
§ 554 Smuggling goods from the United States
§ 555 Border tunnels and passages
Chapter 29 - Elections and Political Activities
§ 592 Troops at polls
§ 593 Interference by armed forces
§ 594 Intimidation of voters
§ 595 Interference by administrative employees of Federal, State, or Territorial Governments
§ 596 Polling armed forces
§ 597 Expenditures to influence voting
§ 598 Coercion by means of relief appropriations
§ 599 Promise of appointment by candidate
§ 600 Promise of employment or other benefit for political activity
§ 601 Deprivation of employment or other benefit for political contribution
§ 602 Solicitation of political contributions
§ 603 Making political contributions
§ 604 Solicitation from persons on relief
§ 605 Disclosure of names of persons on relief
§ 606 Intimidation to secure political contributions
§ 607 Place of solicitation
§ 608 Absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters
§ 609 Use of military authority to influence vote of member of Armed Forces
§ 610 Coercion of political activity
§ 611 Voting by aliens
Chapter 31 - Embezzlement and Theft
§ 641 Public money, property or records
§ 642 Tools and materials for counterfeiting purposes
§ 643 Accounting generally for public money
§ 644 Banker receiving unauthorized deposit of public money
§ 645 Court officers generally
§ 646 Court officers depositing registry moneys
§ 647 Receiving loan from court officer
§ 648 Custodians, generally, misusing public funds
§ 649 Custodians failing to deposit moneys; persons affected
§ 650 Depositaries failing to safeguard deposits
§ 651 Disbursing officer falsely certifying full payment
§ 652 Disbursing officer paying lesser in lieu of lawful amount
§ 653 Disbursing officer misusing public funds
§ 654 Officer or employee of United States converting property of another
§ 655 Theft by bank examiner
§ 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee
§ 657 Lending, credit and insurance institutions
§ 658 Property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies
§ 659 Interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; State prosecutions
§ 660 Carrier’s funds derived from commerce; State prosecutions
§ 661 Within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 662 Receiving stolen property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 663 Solicitation or use of gifts
§ 664 Theft or embezzlement from employee benefit plan
§ 665 Theft or embezzlement from employment and training funds; improper inducement; obstruction of investigations
§ 666 Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds
§ 667 Theft of livestock
§ 668 Theft of major artwork
§ 669 Theft or embezzlement in connection with health care
Chapter 33 - Emblems, Insignia, and Names
§ 700 Desecration of the flag of the United States; penalties
§ 701 Official badges, identification cards, other insignia
§ 702 Uniform of armed forces and Public Health Service
§ 703 Uniform of friendly nation
§ 704 Military medals or decorations
§ 705 Badge or medal of veterans’ organizations
§ 706 Red Cross
§ 706a Geneva distinctive emblems
§ 707 4H club emblem fraudulently used
§ 708 Swiss Confederation coat of arms
§ 709 False advertising or misuse of names to indicate Federal agency
§ 710 Cremation urns for military use
§ 711 "Smokey Bear" character or name
§ 711a "Woodsy Owl" character, name, or slogan
§ 712 Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia
§ 713 Use of likenesses of the great seal of the United States, the seals of the President and Vice President, the seal of the United States Senate, the seal of the United States House of Representatives, and the seal of the United States Congress
§ 715 "The Golden Eagle Insignia"
§ 716 Public employee insignia and uniform
Chapter 35 - Escape and Rescue
§ 751 Prisoners in custody of institution or officer
§ 752 Instigating or assisting escape
§ 753 Rescue to prevent execution
§ 755 Officer permitting escape
§ 756 Internee of belligerent nation
§ 757 Prisoners of war or enemy aliens
§ 758 High speed flight from immigration checkpoint
Chapter 37 - Espionage and Censorship
§ 792 Harboring or concealing persons
§ 793 Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information
§ 794 Gathering or delivering defense information to aid foreign government
§ 795 Photographing and sketching defense installations
§ 796 Use of aircraft for photographing defense installations
§ 797 Publication and sale of photographs of defense installations
§ 798 Disclosure of classified information
§ 798A Temporary extension of section 794
§ 799 Violation of regulations of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Chapter 39 - Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles
§ 831 Prohibited transactions involving nuclear materials
§ 832 Participation in nuclear and weapons of mass destruction threats to the United States
§ 836 Transportation of fireworks into State prohibiting sale or use
Chapter 40 - Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials
§ 841 Definitions
§ 842 Unlawful acts
§ 843 Licenses and user permits
§ 844 Penalties
§ 845 Exceptions; relief from disabilities
§ 846 Additional powers of the Attorney General
§ 847 Rules and regulations
§ 848 Effect on State law
Chapter 41 - Extortion and Threats
§ 871 Threats against President and successors to the Presidency
§ 872 Extortion by officers or employees of the United States
§ 873 Blackmail
§ 874 Kickbacks from public works employees
§ 875 Interstate communications
§ 876 Mailing threatening communications
§ 877 Mailing threatening communications from foreign country
§ 878 Threats and extortion against foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons
§ 879 Threats against former Presidents and certain other persons
§ 880 Receiving the proceeds of extortion
Chapter 42 - Extortionate Credit Transactions
§ 891 Definitions and rules of construction
§ 892 Making extortionate extensions of credit
§ 893 Financing extortionate extensions of credit
§ 894 Collection of extensions of credit by extortionate means
§ 896 Effect on State laws
Chapter 43 - False Personation
§ 911 Citizen of the United States
§ 912 Officer or employee of the United States
§ 913 Impersonator making arrest or search
§ 914 Creditors of the United States
§ 915 Foreign diplomats, consuls or officers
§ 916 4H Club members or agents
§ 917 Red Cross members or agents
Chapter 44 - Firearms
§ 921 Definitions
§ 922 Unlawful acts
§ 923 Licensing
§ 924 Penalties
§ 925 Exceptions: Relief from disabilities
§ 925A Remedy for erroneous denial of firearm
§ 926 Rules and regulations
§ 926A Interstate transportation of firearms
§ 926B Carrying of concealed firearms by qualified law enforcement officers
§ 926C Carrying of concealed firearms by qualified retired law enforcement officers
§ 927 Effect on State law
§ 928 Separability
§ 929 Use of restricted ammunition
§ 930 Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal facilities
§ 931 Prohibition on purchase, ownership, or possession of body armor by violent felons
Chapter 45 - Foreign Relations
§ 951 Agents of foreign governments
§ 952 Diplomatic codes and correspondence
§ 953 Private correspondence with foreign governments
§ 954 False statements influencing foreign government
§ 955 Financial transactions with foreign governments
§ 956 Conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country
§ 957 Possession of property in aid of foreign government
§ 958 Commission to serve against friendly nation
§ 959 Enlistment in foreign service
§ 960 Expedition against friendly nation
§ 961 Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation
§ 962 Arming vessel against friendly nation
§ 963 Detention of armed vessel
§ 964 Delivering armed vessel to belligerent nation
§ 965 Verified statements as prerequisite to vessel’s departure
§ 966 Departure of vessel forbidden for false statements
§ 967 Departure of vessel forbidden in aid of neutrality
§ 970 Protection of property occupied by foreign governments
Chapter 46 - Forfeiture
§ 981 Civil forfeiture
§ 982 Criminal forfeiture
§ 983 General rules for civil forfeiture proceedings
§ 984 Civil forfeiture of fungible property
§ 985 Civil forfeiture of real property
§ 986 Subpoenas for bank records
§ 987 Anti-terrorist forfeiture protection
Chapter 47 - Fraud and False Statements
§ 1001 Statements or entries generally
§ 1002 Possession of false papers to defraud United States
§ 1003 Demands against the United States
§ 1004 Certification of checks
§ 1005 Bank entries, reports and transactions
§ 1006 Federal credit institution entries, reports and transactions
§ 1007 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation transactions
§ 1010 Department of Housing and Urban Development and Federal Housing Administration transactions
§ 1011 Federal land bank mortgage transactions
§ 1012 Department of Housing and Urban Development transactions
§ 1013 Farm loan bonds and credit bank debentures
§ 1014 Loan and credit applications generally; renewals and discounts; crop insurance
§ 1015 Naturalization, citizenship or alien registry
§ 1016 Acknowledgment of appearance or oath
§ 1017 Government seals wrongfully used and instruments wrongfully sealed
§ 1018 Official certificates or writings
§ 1019 Certificates by consular officers
§ 1020 Highway projects
§ 1021 Title records
§ 1022 Delivery of certificate, voucher, receipt for military or naval property
§ 1023 Insufficient delivery of money or property for military or naval service
§ 1024 Purchase or receipt of military, naval, or veteran’s facilities property
§ 1025 False pretenses on high seas and other waters
§ 1026 Compromise, adjustment, or cancellation of farm indebtedness
§ 1027 False statements and concealment of facts in relation to documents required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
§ 1028 Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information
§ 1028A Aggravated identity theft
§ 1029 Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices
§ 1030 Fraud and related activity in connection with computers
§ 1031 Major fraud against the United States
§ 1032 Concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial institution
§ 1033 Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce
§ 1034 Civil penalties and injunctions for violations of section 1033
§ 1035 False statements relating to health care matters
§ 1036 Entry by false pretenses to any real property, vessel, or aircraft of the United States or secure area of any airport or seaport
§ 1037 Fraud and related activity in connection with electronic mail
§ 1038 False information and hoaxes
§ 1039 Fraud and related activity in connection with obtaining confidential phone records information of a covered entity
§ 1040 Fraud in connection with major disaster or emergency benefits
Chapter 49 - Fugitives From Justice
§ 1071 Concealing person from arrest
§ 1072 Concealing escaped prisoner
§ 1073 Flight to avoid prosecution or giving testimony
§ 1074 Flight to avoid prosecution for damaging or destroying any building or other real or personal property
Chapter 50 - Gambling
§ 1081 Definitions
§ 1082 Gambling ships
§ 1083 Transportation between shore and ship; penalties
§ 1084 Transmission of wagering information; penalties
Chapter 50A - Genocide
§ 1091 Genocide
§ 1092 Exclusive remedies
§ 1093 Definitions
Chapter 51 - Homicide
§ 1111 Murder
§ 1112 Manslaughter
§ 1113 Attempt to commit murder or manslaughter
§ 1114 Protection of officers and employees of the United States
§ 1115 Misconduct or neglect of ship officers
§ 1116 Murder or manslaughter of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons
§ 1117 Conspiracy to murder
§ 1118 Murder by a Federal prisoner
§ 1119 Foreign murder of United States nationals
§ 1120 Murder by escaped prisoners
§ 1121 Killing persons aiding Federal investigations or State correctional officers
§ 1122 Protection against the human immunodeficiency virus
Chapter 53 - Indians
§ 1151 Indian country defined
§ 1152 Laws governing
§ 1153 Offenses committed within Indian country
§ 1154 Intoxicants dispensed in Indian country
§ 1155 Intoxicants dispensed on school site
§ 1156 Intoxicants possessed unlawfully
§ 1158 Counterfeiting Indian Arts and Crafts Board trade mark
§ 1159 Misrepresentation of Indian produced goods and products
§ 1160 Property damaged in committing offense
§ 1161 Application of Indian liquor laws
§ 1162 State jurisdiction over offenses committed by or against Indians in the Indian country
§ 1163 Embezzlement and theft from Indian tribal organizations
§ 1164 Destroying boundary and warning signs
§ 1165 Hunting, trapping, or fishing on Indian land
§ 1166 Gambling in Indian country
§ 1167 Theft from gaming establishments on Indian lands
§ 1168 Theft by officers or employees of gaming establishments on Indian lands
§ 1169 Reporting of child abuse
§ 1170 Illegal trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural items
Chapter 55 - Kidnapping
§ 1201 Kidnapping
§ 1202 Ransom money
§ 1203 Hostage taking
§ 1204 International parental kidnapping
Chapter 57 - Labor
§ 1231 Transportation of strikebreakers
Chapter 59 - Liquor Traffic
§ 1261 Enforcement, regulations, and scope
§ 1262 Transportation into State prohibiting sale
§ 1263 Marks and labels on packages
§ 1264 Delivery to consignee
§ 1265 C.O.D. shipments prohibited
Chapter 61 - Lotteries
§ 1301 Importing or transporting lottery tickets
§ 1302 Mailing lottery tickets or related matter
§ 1303 Postmaster or employee as lottery agent 1
§ 1304 Broadcasting lottery information
§ 1305 Fishing contests
§ 1306 Participation by financial institutions
§ 1307 Exceptions relating to certain advertisements and other information and to State-conducted lotteries
Chapter 63 - Mail Fraud and Other Fraud Offenses
§ 1341 Frauds and swindles
§ 1342 Fictitious name or address
§ 1343 Fraud by wire, radio, or television
§ 1344 Bank fraud
§ 1345 Injunctions against fraud
§ 1346 Definition of "scheme or artifice to defraud"
§ 1347 Health care fraud
§ 1348 Securities and commodities fraud
§ 1349 Attempt and conspiracy
§ 1350 Failure of corporate officers to certify financial reports
§ 1351 Fraud in foreign labor contracting
Chapter 65 - Malicious Mischief
§ 1361 Government property or contracts
§ 1362 Communication lines, stations or systems
§ 1363 Buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 1364 Interference with foreign commerce by violence
§ 1365 Tampering with consumer products
§ 1366 Destruction of an energy facility
§ 1367 Interference with the operation of a satellite
§ 1368 Harming animals used in law enforcement
§ 1369 Destruction of veterans’ memorials
Chapter 67 - Military and Navy
§ 1381 Enticing desertion and harboring deserters
§ 1382 Entering military, naval, or Coast Guard property
§ 1384 Prostitution near military and naval establishments
§ 1385 Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus, does he mean,(committal)?
§ 1386 Keys and key-ways used in security applications by the Department of Defense
§ 1387 Demonstrations at cemeteries under the control of the National Cemetery Administration and at Arlington National Cemetery
§ 1388 Prohibition on disruptions of funerals of members or former members of the Armed Forces
§ 1389 Prohibition on attacks on United States servicemen on account of service
Chapter 69 - Nationality and Citizenship
§ 1421 Accounts of court officers
§ 1422 Fees in naturalization proceedings
§ 1423 Misuse of evidence of citizenship or naturalization
§ 1424 Personification or misuse of papers in naturalization proceedings
§ 1425 Procurement of citizenship or naturalization unlawfully
§ 1426 Reproduction of naturalization or citizenship papers
§ 1427 Sale of naturalization or citizenship papers
§ 1428 Surrender of canceled naturalization certificate
§ 1429 Penalties for neglect or refusal to answer subpoena
Chapter 71 - Obscenity
§ 1460 Possession with intent to sell, and sale, of obscene matter on Federal property
§ 1461 Mailing obscene or crime-inciting matter
§ 1462 Importation or transportation of obscene matters
§ 1463 Mailing indecent matter on wrappers or envelopes
§ 1464 Broadcasting obscene language
§ 1465 Production and transportation of obscene matters for sale or distribution
§ 1466 Engaging in the business of selling or transferring obscene matter
§ 1466A Obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children
§ 1467 Criminal forfeiture
§ 1468 Distributing obscene material by cable or subscription television
§ 1469 Presumptions
§ 1470 Transfer of obscene material to minors
Chapter 73 - Obstruction of Justice
§ 1501 Assault on process server
§ 1502 Resistance to extradition agent
§ 1503 Influencing or injuring officer or juror generally
§ 1504 Influencing juror by writing
§ 1505 Obstruction of proceedings before departments, agencies, and committees
§ 1506 Theft or alteration of record or process; false bail
§ 1507 Picketing or parading
§ 1508 Recording, listening to, or observing proceedings of grand or petit juries while deliberating or voting
§ 1509 Obstruction of court orders
§ 1510 Obstruction of criminal investigations
§ 1511 Obstruction of State or local law enforcement
§ 1512 Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant
§ 1513 Retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant
§ 1514 Civil action to restrain harassment of a victim or witness
§ 1514A Civil action to protect against retaliation in fraud cases
§ 1515 Definitions for certain provisions; general provision
§ 1516 Obstruction of Federal audit
§ 1517 Obstructing examination of financial institution
§ 1518 Obstruction of criminal investigations of health care offenses
§ 1519 Destruction, alteration, or falsification of records in Federal investigations and bankruptcy
§ 1520 Destruction of corporate audit records
§ 1521 Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer by false claim or slander of title
Chapter 75 - Passports and Visas
§ 1541 Issuance without authority
§ 1542 False statement in application and use of passport
§ 1543 Forgery or false use of passport
§ 1544 Misuse of passport
§ 1545 Safe conduct violation
§ 1546 Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
§ 1547 Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses
Chapter 77 - Peonage, Slavery, and Trafficking in Persons
§ 1581 Peonage; obstructing enforcement
§ 1582 Vessels for slave trade
§ 1583 Enticement into slavery
§ 1584 Sale into involuntary servitude
§ 1585 Seizure, detention, transportation or sale of slaves
§ 1586 Service on vessels in slave trade
§ 1587 Possession of slaves aboard vessel
§ 1588 Transportation of slaves from United States
§ 1589 Forced labor
§ 1590 Trafficking with respect to peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced labor
§ 1591 Sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion
§ 1592 Unlawful conduct with respect to documents in furtherance of trafficking, peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced labor
§ 1593 Mandatory restitution
§ 1593A Benefiting financially from peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons
§ 1594 General provisions
§ 1595 Civil remedy
§ 1596 Additional jurisdiction in certain trafficking offenses
Chapter 79 - Perjury
§ 1621 Perjury generally
§ 1622 Subornation of perjury
§ 1623 False declarations before grand jury or court
Chapter 81 - Piracy and Privateer or Profiteering
§ 1651 Piracy under law of nations
§ 1652 Citizens as pirates
§ 1653 Aliens as pirates
§ 1654 Arming or serving on privateers
§ 1655 Assault on commander as piracy
§ 1656 Conversion or surrender of vessel
§ 1657 Corruption of seamen and confederating with pirates
§ 1658 Plunder of distressed vessel
§ 1659 Attack to plunder vessel
§ 1660 Receipt of pirate property
§ 1661 Robbery ashore
Chapter 83 - Postal Service
§ 1691 Laws governing postal savings
§ 1692 Foreign mail as United States mail
§ 1693 Carriage of mail generally
§ 1694 Carriage of matter out of mail over post routes
§ 1695 Carriage of matter out of mail on vessels
§ 1696 Private express for letters and packets
§ 1697 Transportation of persons acting as private express
§ 1698 Prompt delivery of mail from vessel
§ 1699 Certification of delivery from vessel
§ 1700 Desertion of mails
§ 1701 Obstruction of mails generally
§ 1702 Obstruction of correspondence
§ 1703 Delay or destruction of mail or newspapers
§ 1704 Keys or locks stolen or reproduced
§ 1705 Destruction of letter boxes or mail
§ 1706 Injury to mail bags
§ 1707 Theft of property used by Postal Service
§ 1708 Theft or receipt of stolen mail matter generally
§ 1709 Theft of mail matter by officer or employee
§ 1710 Theft of newspapers
§ 1711 Misappropriation of postal funds
§ 1712 Falsification of postal returns to increase compensation
§ 1713 Issuance of money orders without payment
§ 1715 Firearms as non-mailable; regulations
§ 1716 Injurious articles as non-mailable
§ 1716A Non-mailable locksmiths devices and motor vehicle master keys
§ 1716B Non-mailable plants
§ 1716C Forged agricultural certifications
§ 1716D Non-mailable injurious animals, plant pests, plants, and illegally taken fish, wildlife, and plants
§ 1717 Letters and writings as non-mailable
§ 1719 Franking privilege
§ 1720 Canceled stamps and envelopes
§ 1721 Sale or pledge of stamps
§ 1722 False evidence to secure second-class rate
§ 1723 Avoidance of postage by using lower class matter
§ 1724 Postage on mail delivered by foreign vessels
§ 1725 Postage unpaid on deposited mail matter
§ 1726 Postage collected unlawfully
§ 1728 Weight of mail increased fraudulently
§ 1729 Post office conducted without authority
§ 1730 Uniforms of carriers
§ 1731 Vehicles falsely labeled as carriers
§ 1732 Approval of bond or sureties by postmaster
§ 1733 Mailing periodical publications without prepayment of postage
§ 1734 Editorials and other matter as "advertisements"
§ 1735 Sexually oriented advertisements
§ 1736 Restrictive use of information
§ 1737 Manufacturer of sexually related mail matter
Chapter 84 - Presidential and Presidential Staff Assassination, Kidnapping, and Assault
§ 1751 Presidential and Presidential staff assassination, kidnapping, and assault; penalties
§ 1752 Restricted building or grounds
Chapter 85 - Prison-made Goods
§ 1761 Transportation or importation
§ 1762 Marking packages
Chapter 87 - Prisons
§ 1791 Providing or possessing contraband in prison
§ 1792 Mutiny and riot prohibited
§ 1793 Trespass on Bureau of Prisons reservations and land
Chapter 90 - Protection of Trade Secrets
§ 1831 Economic espionage
§ 1832 Theft of trade secrets
§ 1833 Exceptions to prohibitions
§ 1834 Criminal forfeiture
§ 1835 Orders to preserve confidentiality
§ 1836 Civil proceedings to enjoin violations
§ 1837 Applicability to conduct outside the United States
§ 1838 Construction with other laws
§ 1839 Definitions
Chapter 91 - Public Lands
§ 1851 Coal depredations
§ 1852 Timber removed or transported
§ 1853 Trees cut or injured
§ 1854 Trees boxed for pitch or turpentine
§ 1855 Timber set afire
§ 1856 Fires left unattended and unextinguished
§ 1857 Fences destroyed; livestock entering
§ 1858 Survey marks destroyed or removed
§ 1859 Surveys interrupted
§ 1860 Bids at land sales
§ 1861 Deception of prospective purchasers
§ 1863 Trespass on national forest lands
§ 1864 Hazardous or injurious devices on Federal lands
Chapter 93 - Public Officers and Employees
§ 1901 Collecting or disbursing officer trading in public property
§ 1902 Disclosure of crop information and speculation thereon
§ 1903 Speculation in stocks or commodities affecting crop insurance
§ 1905 Disclosure of confidential information generally
§ 1906 Disclosure of information from a bank examination report
§ 1907 Disclosure of information by farm credit examiner
§ 1909 Examiner performing other services
§ 1910 Nepotism in appointment of receiver or trustee
§ 1911 Receiver mismanaging property
§ 1912 Unauthorized fees for inspection of vessels
§ 1913 Lobbying with appropriated moneys
§ 1915 Compromise of customs liabilities
§ 1916 Unauthorized employment and disposition of lapsed appropriations
§ 1917 Interference with civil service examinations
§ 1918 Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike against the Government
§ 1919 False statement to obtain unemployment compensation for Federal service
§ 1920 False statement or fraud to obtain Federal employees’ compensation
§ 1921 Receiving Federal employees’ compensation after marriage
§ 1922 False or withheld report concerning Federal employees’ compensation
§ 1923 Fraudulent receipt of payments of missing persons
§ 1924 Unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or material
Chapter 95 - Racketeering
§ 1951 Interference with commerce by threats or violence
§ 1952 Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises
§ 1953 Interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia
§ 1954 Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence operations of employee benefit plan
§ 1955 Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses
§ 1956 Laundering of monetary instruments
§ 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity
§ 1958 Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire
§ 1959 Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity
§ 1960 Prohibition of unlicensed money transmitting businesses
Chapter 96 - Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
§ 1961 Definitions
§ 1962 Prohibited activities
§ 1963 Criminal penalties
§ 1964 Civil remedies
§ 1965 Venue and process
§ 1966 Expedition of actions
§ 1967 Evidence
§ 1968 Civil investigative demand
Chapter 97 - Railroad Carriers and Mass Transportation Systems on Land, on Water, or Through the Air
§ 1991 Entering train to commit crime
§ 1992 Terrorist attacks and other violence against railroad carriers and against mass transportation systems on land, on water, or through the air
Chapter 101 - Records and Reports
§ 2071 Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally
§ 2072 False crop reports
§ 2073 False entries and reports of moneys or securities
§ 2074 False weather reports
§ 2075 Officer failing to make returns or reports
§ 2076 Clerk of United States District Court
Chapter 102 - Riots
§ 2101 Riots
§ 2102 Definitions
Chapter 103 - Robbery and Burglary
§ 2111 Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 2112 Personal property of United States
§ 2113 Bank robbery and incidental crimes
§ 2114 Mail, money, or other property of United States
§ 2115 Post office
§ 2116 Railway or steamboat post office
§ 2117 Breaking or entering carrier facilities
§ 2118 Robberies and burglaries involving controlled substances
§ 2119 Motor vehicles
Chapter 105 - Sabotage
§ 2151 Definitions
§ 2152 Fortifications, harbor defenses, or defensive sea areas
§ 2153 Destruction of war material, war premises, or war utilities
§ 2154 Production of defective war material, war premises, or war utilities
§ 2155 Destruction of national-defense materials, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities
§ 2156 Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities
Chapter 107 - Seamen and Stowaways
§ 2191 Cruelty to seamen
§ 2192 In citation of seamen to revolt or mutiny
§ 2193 Revolt or mutiny of seamen
§ 2194 Shanghaiing sailors
§ 2195 Abandonment of sailors
§ 2196 Drunkenness or neglect of duty by seamen
§ 2197 Misuse of Federal certificate, license or document
§ 2199 Stowaways on vessels or aircraft
Chapter 109 - Searches and Seizures
§ 2231 Assault or resistance
§ 2232 Destruction or removal of property to prevent seizure
§ 2233 Rescue of seized property
§ 2234 Authority exceeded in executing warrant
§ 2235 Search warrant procured maliciously
§ 2236 Searches without warrant
§ 2237 Criminal sanctions for failure to heave to, obstruction of boarding, or providing false information
Chapter 109A - Sexual Abuse
§ 2241 Aggravated sexual abuse
§ 2242 Sexual abuse
§ 2243 Sexual abuse of a minor or ward
§ 2244 Abusive sexual contact
§ 2245 Offenses resulting in death
§ 2246 Definitions for chapter
§ 2247 Repeat offenders
§ 2248 Mandatory restitution
Chapter 110 - Sexual Exploitation and Other Abuse of Children
§ 2251 Sexual exploitation of children
§ 2251A Selling or buying of children
§ 2252 Certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation of minors
§ 2252A Certain activities relating to material constituting or containing child pornography
§ 2252B Misleading domain names on the Internet
§ 2252C Misleading words or digital images on the Internet
§ 2253 Criminal forfeiture
§ 2254 Civil forfeiture
§ 2255 Civil remedy for personal injuries
§ 2256 Definitions for chapter
§ 2257 Record keeping requirements
§ 2257A Record keeping requirements for simulated sexual conduct
§ 2258 Failure to report child abuse
§ 2258A Reporting requirements of electronic communication service providers and remote computing service providers
§ 2258B Limited liability for electronic communication service providers, remote computing service providers, or domain name registrar 1
§ 2258C Use to combat child pornography of technical elements relating to images reported to the Cyb-er Tip-line
§ 2258D Limited liability for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
§ 2258E Definitions
§ 2259 Mandatory restitution
§ 2260 Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation into the United States
§ 2260A Penalties for registered sex offenders
Chapter 110A - Domestic Violence and Stalking
§ 2261 Interstate domestic violence
§ 2261A Stalking
§ 2262 Interstate violation of protection order
§ 2263 Pretrial release of defendant
§ 2264 Restitution
§ 2265 Full faith and credit given to protection orders
§ 2265A Repeat offenders
§ 2266 Definitions
Chapter 111 - Shipping
§ 2271 Conspiracy to destroy vessels
§ 2272 Destruction of vessel by owner
§ 2273 Destruction of vessel by non-owner
§ 2274 Destruction or misuse of vessel by person in charge
§ 2275 Firing or tampering with vessels
§ 2276 Breaking and entering vessel
§ 2277 Explosives or dangerous weapons aboard vessels
§ 2278 Explosives on vessels carrying steerage passengers
§ 2279 Boarding vessels before arrival
§ 2280 Violence against maritime navigation
§ 2281 Violence against maritime fixed platforms
§ 2282B Violence against aids to maritime navigation
§ 2283 Transportation of explosive, biological, chemical, or radioactive or nuclear materials
§ 2284 Transportation of terrorists
§ 2285 Operation of submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel without nationality
Chapter 111A - Destruction Of, or Interference With, Vessels or Maritime Facilities
§ 2290 Jurisdiction and scope
§ 2291 Destruction of vessel or maritime facility
§ 2292 Imparting or conveying false information
§ 2293 Bar to prosecution
Chapter 113 - Stolen Property
§ 2311 Definitions
§ 2312 Transportation of stolen vehicles
§ 2313 Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles
§ 2314 Transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting
§ 2315 Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps
§ 2316 Transportation of livestock
§ 2317 Sale or receipt of livestock
§ 2318 Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or counterfeit documentation or packaging
§ 2319 Criminal infringement of a copyright
§ 2319A Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances
§ 2319B Unauthorized recording of Motion pictures in a Motion picture exhibition facility
§ 2320 Trafficking in counterfeit goods or services
§ 2321 Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts
§ 2322 Chop shops
§ 2323 Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution
Chapter 113A - Telemarketing Fraud
§ 2325 Definition
§ 2326 Enhanced penalties
§ 2327 Mandatory restitution
Chapter 113B - Terrorism
§ 2331 Definitions
§ 2332 Criminal penalties
§ 2332a Use of weapons of mass destruction
§ 2332b Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries
§ 2332d Financial transactions
§ 2332e Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 2332f Bombings of places of public use, government facilities, public transportation systems and infrastructure facilities
§ 2332g Missile systems designed to destroy aircraft
§ 2332h Radiological dispersal devices
§ 2333 Civil remedies
§ 2334 Jurisdiction and venue
§ 2335 Limitation of actions
§ 2336 Other limitations
§ 2337 Suits against Government officials
§ 2338 Exclusive Federal jurisdiction
§ 2339 Harboring or concealing terrorists
§ 2339A Providing material support to terrorists
§ 2339B Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations
§ 2339C Prohibitions against the financing of terrorism
§ 2339D Receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization
Chapter 113C - Torture
§ 2340 Definitions
§ 2340A Torture
§ 2340B Exclusive remedies
Chapter 114 - Trafficking in Contraband Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco
§ 2341 Definitions
§ 2342 Unlawful acts
§ 2343 Record-keeping, reporting, and inspection
§ 2344 Penalties
§ 2345 Effect on State and local law
§ 2346 Enforcement and regulations
Chapter 115 - Treason, Sedition, and Subversive Activities
§ 2381 Treason
§ 2382 Misprision of treason
§ 2383 Rebellion or insurrection
§ 2384 Seditious conspiracy
§ 2385 Advocating overthrow of Government
§ 2386 Registration of certain organizations
§ 2387 Activities affecting armed forces generally
§ 2388 Activities affecting armed forces during war
§ 2389 Recruiting for service against United States
§ 2390 Enlistment to serve against United States
Chapter 117 - Transportation for Illegal Sexual Activity and Related Crimes
§ 2421 Transportation generally
§ 2422 Coercion and enticement
§ 2423 Transportation of minors
§ 2424 Filing factual statement about alien individual
§ 2425 Use of interstate facilities to transmit information about a minor
§ 2426 Repeat offenders
§ 2427 Inclusion of offenses relating to child pornography in definition of sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense
§ 2428 Forfeitures
Chapter 118 - War Crimes
§ 2441 War crimes
§ 2442 Recruitment or use of child soldiers
Chapter 119 - Wire and Electronic Communications Interception and Interception of Oral Communications
§ 2510 Definitions
§ 2511 Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited
§ 2512 Manufacture, distribution, possession, and advertising of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices prohibited
§ 2513 Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices
§ 2515 Prohibition of use as evidence of intercepted wire or oral communications
§ 2516 Authorization for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2517 Authorization for disclosure and use of intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2518 Procedure for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2519 Reports concerning intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2520 Recovery of civil damages authorized
§ 2521 Injunction against illegal interception
§ 2522 Enforcement of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
Chapter 121 - Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access
§ 2701 Unlawful access to stored communications
§ 2702 Voluntary disclosure of customer communications or records
§ 2703 Required disclosure of customer communications or records
§ 2704 Backup preservation
§ 2705 Delayed notice
§ 2706 Cost reimbursement
§ 2707 Civil action
§ 2708 Exclusivity of remedies
§ 2709 Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records
§ 2710 Wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records
§ 2711 Definitions for chapter
§ 2712 Civil actions against the United States
Chapter 123 - Prohibition on Release and Use of Certain Personal Information From State Motor Vehicle Records
§ 2721 Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from State motor vehicle records
§ 2722 Additional unlawful acts
§ 2723 Penalties
§ 2724 Civil action
§ 2725 Definitions
Part II - Criminal Procedure
Chapter 201 - General Provisions
§ 3001 Procedure governed by rules; scope, purpose and effect; definition of terms; local rules; forms(Rule)
§ 3002 Courts always open(Rule)
§ 3003 Calendars(Rule)
§ 3004 Decorum in court room(Rule)
§ 3005 Counsel and witnesses in capital cases
§ 3006 Assignment of counsel(Rule)
§ 3006A Adequate representation of defendants
§ 3007 Motions(Rule)
§ 3008 Service and filing of papers(Rule)
§ 3009 Records(Rule)
§ 3010 Exceptions unnecessary(Rule)
§ 3011 Computation of time(Rule)
§ 3013 Special assessment on convicted persons
Chapter 203 - Arrest and Commitment
§ 3041 Power of courts and magistrates
§ 3042 Extraterritorial jurisdiction
§ 3044 Complaint(Rule)
§ 3045 Internal revenue violations
§ 3046 Warrant or summons(Rule)
§ 3047 Multiple warrants unnecessary
§ 3048 Commitment to another district; removal(Rule)
§ 3049 Warrant for removal
§ 3050 Bureau of Prisons employees’ powers
§ 3051 Powers of Special Agents 1 of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
§ 3052 Powers of Federal Bureau of Investigation
§ 3053 Powers of marshals and deputies
§ 3055 Officers’ powers to suppress Indian liquor traffic
§ 3056 Powers, authorities, and duties of United States Secret Service
§ 3056A Powers, authorities, and duties of United States Secret Service Uniformed Division
§ 3057 Bankruptcy investigations
§ 3058 Interned belligerent nationals
§ 3060 Preliminary examination
§ 3061 Investigative powers of Postal Service personnel
§ 3062 General arrest authority for violation of release conditions
§ 3063 Powers of Environmental Protection Agency
§ 3064 Powers of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Chapter 204 - Rewards for Information Concerning Terrorist Acts and Espionage
§ 3071 Information for which rewards authorized
§ 3072 Determination of entitlement; maximum amount; Presidential approval; conclusiveness
§ 3073 Protection of identity
§ 3074 Exception of governmental officials
§ 3076 Eligibility for witness security program
§ 3077 Definitions
Chapter 205 - Searches and Seizures
§ 3101 Effect of rules of court(Rule)
§ 3102 Authority to issue search warrant(Rule)
§ 3103 Grounds for issuing search warrant(Rule)
§ 3103a Additional grounds for issuing warrant
§ 3104 Issuance of search warrant; contents(Rule)
§ 3105 Persons authorized to serve search warrant
§ 3106 Officer authorized to serve search warrant(Rule)
§ 3107 Service of warrants and seizures by Federal Bureau of Investigation
§ 3108 Execution, service, and return(Rule)
§ 3109 Breaking doors or windows for entry or exit
§ 3110 Property defined(Rule)
§ 3111 Property sizable on search warrant(Rule)
§ 3113 Liquor violations in Indian country
§ 3114 Return of seized property and suppression of evidence; motion(Rule)
§ 3115 Inventory upon execution and return of search warrant(Rule)
§ 3116 Records of examining magistrate judge; return to clerk of court(Rule)
§ 3117 Mobile tracking devices
§ 3118 Implied consent for certain tests
Chapter 206 - Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices
§ 3121 General prohibition on pen register and trap and trace device use; exception
§ 3122 Application for an order for a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3123 Issuance of an order for a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3124 Assistance in installation and use of a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3125 Emergency pen register and trap and trace device installation
§ 3126 Reports concerning pen registers and trap and trace devices
§ 3127 Definitions for chapter
Chapter 207 - Release and Detention Pending Judicial Proceedings
§ 3141 Release and detention authority generally
§ 3142 Release or detention of a defendant pending trial
§ 3143 Release or detention of a defendant pending sentence or appeal
§ 3144 Release or detention of a material witness
§ 3145 Review and appeal of a release or detention order
§ 3146 Penalty for failure to appear
§ 3147 Penalty for an offense committed while on release
§ 3148 Sanctions for violation of a release condition
§ 3149 Surrender of an offender by a surety
§ 3150 Applicability to a case removed from a State court
§ 3151 Refund of forfeited bail
§ 3152 Establishment of pretrial services
§ 3153 Organization and administration of pretrial services
§ 3154 Functions and powers relating to pretrial services
§ 3155 Annual reports
§ 3156 Definitions
Chapter 208 - Speedy Trial
§ 3161 Time limits and exclusions
§ 3162 Sanctions
§ 3163 Effective dates
§ 3164 Persons detained or designated as being of high risk
§ 3165 District plansgenerally
§ 3166 District planscontents
§ 3167 Reports to Congress
§ 3168 Planning process
§ 3169 Federal Judicial Center
§ 3170 Speedy trial data
§ 3171 Planning appropriations
§ 3172 Definitions
§ 3173 Sixth amendment rights
§ 3174 Judicial emergency and implementation
Chapter 209 - Extradition
§ 3181 Scope and limitation of chapter
§ 3182 Fugitives from State or Territory to State, District, or Territory
§ 3183 Fugitives from State, Territory, or Possession into extraterritorial jurisdiction of United States
§ 3184 Fugitives from foreign country to United States
§ 3185 Fugitives from country under control of United States into the United States
§ 3186 Secretary of State to surrender fugitive
§ 3187 Provisional arrest and detention within extraterritorial jurisdiction
§ 3188 Time of commitment pending extradition
§ 3189 Place and character of hearing
§ 3190 Evidence on hearing
§ 3191 Witnesses for indigent fugitives
§ 3192 Protection of accused
§ 3193 Receiving agent’s authority over offenders
§ 3194 Transportation of fugitive by receiving agent
§ 3195 Payment of fees and costs
§ 3196 Extradition of United States citizens
Chapter 211 - Jurisdiction and Venue
§ 3231 District courts
§ 3232 District of offense(Rule)
§ 3233 Transfer within district(Rule)
§ 3234 Change of venue to another district(Rule)
§ 3235 Venue in capital cases
§ 3236 Murder or manslaughter
§ 3237 Offenses begun in one district and completed in another
§ 3238 Offenses not committed in any district
§ 3239 Optional venue for espionage and related offenses
§ 3240 Creation of new district or division
§ 3241 Jurisdiction of offenses under certain sections
§ 3242 Indians committing certain offenses; acts on reservations
§ 3243 Jurisdiction of State of Kansas over offenses committed by or against Indians on Indian reservations
§ 3244 Jurisdiction of proceedings relating to transferred offenders
Chapter 212 - Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
§ 3261 Criminal offenses committed by certain members of the Armed Forces and by persons employed by or accompanying the Armed Forces outside the United States
§ 3262 Arrest and commitment
§ 3263 Delivery to authorities of foreign countries
§ 3264 Limitation on removal
§ 3265 Initial proceedings
§ 3266 Regulations
§ 3267 Definitions
Chapter 212A - Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Over Certain Trafficking in Persons Offenses
§ 3271 Trafficking in persons offenses committed by persons employed by or accompanying the Federal Government outside the United States
§ 3272 Definitions
Chapter 213 - Limitations
§ 3281 Capital offenses
§ 3282 Offenses not capital
§ 3283 Offenses against children
§ 3284 Concealment of bankrupt’s assets
§ 3285 Criminal contempt
§ 3286 Extension of statute of limitation for certain terrorism offenses
§ 3287 Wartime suspension of limitations
§ 3288 Indictments and information dismissed after period of limitations
§ 3289 Indictments and information dismissed before period of limitations
§ 3290 Fugitives from justice
§ 3291 Nationality, citizenship and passports
§ 3292 Suspension of limitations to permit United States to obtain foreign evidence
§ 3293 Financial institution offenses
§ 3294 Theft of major artwork
§ 3295 Arson offenses
§ 3296 Counts dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement
§ 3297 Cases involving DNA evidence
§ 3298 Trafficking-related offenses
§ 3299 Child abduction and sex offenses
§ 3300 Recruitment or use of child soldiers
Chapter 215 - Grand Jury
§ 3321 Number of grand jurors; summoning additional jurors
§ 3322 Disclosure of certain matters occurring before grand jury
Chapter 216 - Special Grand Jury
§ 3331 Summoning and term
§ 3332 Powers and duties
§ 3333 Reports
§ 3334 General provisions
Chapter 217 - Indictment and Information
§ 3361 Form and contents(Rule)
§ 3362 Waiver of indictment and prosecution on information(Rule)
§ 3363 Joinder,Joiner of offenses(Rule)
§ 3364 Rejoinder of defendants(Rule)
§ 3365 Amendment of information(Rule)
§ 3366 Bill of particulars(Rule)
§ 3367 Dismissal(Rule)
Chapter 219 - Trial by United States Magistrate Judges
§ 3401 Misdemeanors; application of probation laws
§ 3402 Rules of procedure, practice and appeal 1
Chapter 221 - Arraignment, Please and Trial
§ 3431 Term of court; power of court unaffected by expiration(Rule)
§ 3432 Indictment and list of jurors and witnesses for prisoner in capital cases
§ 3433 Arraignment(Rule)
§ 3434 Presence of defendant(Rule)
§ 3435 Receiver of stolen property friable before or after principal
§ 3436 Consolidation of indictments or information's(Rule)
§ 3437 Severance(Rule)
§ 3438 Pleas(Rule)
§ 3439 Demurrers and special pleas in bar or abatement abolished; relief on motion(Rule)
§ 3440 Defenses and objections determined on motion(Rule)
§ 3441 Jury; number of jurors; waiver(Rule)
§ 3442 Jurors, examination, peremptory challenges; alternates(Rule)
§ 3443 Instructions to jury(Rule)
§ 3444 Disability of judge(Rule)
§ 3445 Motion for judgment of acquittal(Rule)
§ 3446 New trial(Rule)
Chapter 223 - Witnesses and Evidence
§ 3481 Competency of accused
§ 3482 Evidence and witnesses(Rule)
§ 3483 Indigent defendants, process to produce evidence(Rule)
§ 3484 Subpoenas(Rule)
§ 3485 Expert witnesses(Rule)
§ 3486 Administrative subpoenas
§ 3487 Refusal to pay as evidence of embezzlement
§ 3488 Intoxicating liquor in Indian country as evidence of unlawful introduction
§ 3489 Discovery and inspection(Rule)
§ 3490 Official record or entry(Rule)
§ 3491 Foreign documents
§ 3492 Commission to consular officers to authenticate foreign documents
§ 3493 Deposition to authenticate foreign documents
§ 3494 Certification of genuineness of foreign document
§ 3495 Fees and expenses of consuls, counsel, interpreters and witnesses
§ 3496 Regulations by President as to commissions, fees of witnesses, counsel and interpreters
§ 3497 Account as evidence of embezzlement
§ 3498 Depositions(Rule)
§ 3499 Contempt of court by witness(Rule)
§ 3500 Demands for production of statements and reports of witnesses
§ 3501 Admissibility of confessions
§ 3502 Admissibility in evidence of eye witness testimony
§ 3504 Litigation concerning sources of evidence
§ 3505 Foreign records of regularly conducted activity
§ 3506 Service of papers filed in opposition to official request by United States to foreign government for criminal evidence
§ 3507 Special master at foreign deposition
§ 3508 Custody and return of foreign witnesses
§ 3509 Child victims’ and child witnesses’ rights
§ 3510 Rights of victims to attend and observe trial
§ 3511 Judicial review of requests for information
§ 3512 Foreign requests for assistance in criminal investigations and prosecutions
Chapter 224 - Protection of Witnesses
§ 3521 Witness relocation and protection
§ 3522 Probationers and parolees
§ 3523 Civil judgments
§ 3524 Child custody arrangements
§ 3525 Victims Compensation Fund
§ 3526 Cooperation of other Federal agencies and State governments; reimbursement of expenses
§ 3527 Additional authority of Attorney General
§ 3528 Definition
Chapter 225 - Verdict
§ 3531 Return; several defendants; conviction of less offense; poll of jury(Rule)
§ 3532 Setting aside verdict of guilty; judgment notwithstanding verdict(Rule)
Chapter 227 - Sentences
Sub-chapter A - General Provisions
§ 3551 Authorized sentences
§ 3552 Presentence reports
§ 3553 Imposition of a sentence
§ 3554 Order of criminal forfeiture
§ 3555 Order of notice to victims
§ 3556 Order of restitution
§ 3557 Review of a sentence
§ 3558 Implementation of a sentence
§ 3559 Sentencing classification of offenses
Sub-chapter B - Probation
§ 3561 Sentence of probation
§ 3562 Imposition of a sentence of probation
§ 3563 Conditions of probation
§ 3564 Running of a term of probation
§ 3565 Revocation of probation
§ 3566 Implementation of a sentence of probation
Sub-chapter C - Fines
§ 3571 Sentence of fine
§ 3572 Imposition of a sentence of fine and related matters
§ 3573 Petition of the Government for modification or remission
§ 3574 Implementation of a sentence of fine
Sub-chapter D - Imprisonment
§ 3581 Sentence of imprisonment
§ 3582 Imposition of a sentence of imprisonment
§ 3583 Inclusion of a term of supervised release after imprisonment
§ 3584 Multiple sentences of imprisonment
§ 3585 Calculation of a term of imprisonment
§ 3586 Implementation of a sentence of imprisonment
Chapter 228 - Death Sentence
§ 3591 Sentence of death
§ 3592 Mitigating and aggravating factors to be considered in determining whether a sentence of death is justified
§ 3593 Special hearing to determine whether a sentence of death is justified
§ 3594 Imposition of a sentence of death
§ 3595 Review of a sentence of death
§ 3596 Implementation of a sentence of death
§ 3597 Use of State facilities
§ 3598 Special provisions for Indian country
§ 3599 Counsel for financially unable defendants
Chapter 228A - Post-conviction DNA Testing
§ 3600 DNA testing
§ 3600A Preservation of biological evidence
Chapter 229 - Post-sentence Administration
Sub-chapter A - Probation
§ 3601 Supervision of probation
§ 3602 Appointment of probation officers
§ 3603 Duties of probation officers
§ 3604 Transportation of a probationer
§ 3605 Transfer of jurisdiction over a probationer
§ 3606 Arrest and return of a probationer
§ 3607 Special probation and expungement procedures for drug possessors
§ 3608 Drug testing of Federal offenders on post-conviction release
Sub-chapter B - Fines
§ 3611 Payment of a fine or restitution
§ 3612 Collection of unpaid fine or restitution
§ 3613 Civil remedies for satisfaction of an unpaid fine
§ 3613A Effect of default
§ 3614 Re-sentencing upon failure to pay a fine or restitution
§ 3615 Criminal default
Sub-chapter C - Imprisonment
§ 3621 Imprisonment of a convicted person
§ 3622 Temporary release of a prisoner
§ 3623 Transfer of a prisoner to State authority
§ 3624 Release of a prisoner
§ 3625 Inapplicability of the Administrative Procedure Act
§ 3626 Appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions
Chapter 232 - Miscellaneous Sentencing Provisions
§ 3661 Use of information for sentencing
§ 3662 Conviction records
§ 3663 Order of restitution
§ 3663A Mandatory restitution to victims of certain crimes
§ 3664 Procedure for issuance and enforcement of order of restitution
§ 3665 Firearms possessed by convicted felons
§ 3666 Bribe moneys
§ 3667 Liquors and related property; definitions
§ 3668 Remission or mitigation of forfeitures under liquor laws; possession pending trial
§ 3669 Conveyances carrying liquor
§ 3670 Disposition of conveyances seized for violation of the Indian liquor laws
§ 3671 Vessels carrying explosives and steerage passengers
§ 3672 Duties of Director of Administrative Office of the United States Courts
§ 3673 Definitions for sentencing provisions
Chapter 232A - Special Forfeiture of Collateral Profits of Crime
§ 3681 Order of special forfeiture
§ 3682 Notice to victims of order of special forfeiture
Chapter 233 - Contempt's
§ 3691 Jury trial of criminal contempt's
§ 3692 Jury trial for contempt in labor dispute cases
§ 3693 Summary disposition or jury trial; notice(Rule)
Chapter 235 - Appeal
§ 3731 Appeal by United States
§ 3732 Taking of appeal; notice; time(Rule)
§ 3733 Assignment of errors(Rule)
§ 3734 Bill of exceptions abolished(Rule)
§ 3735 Bail on appeal or certiorari(Rule)
§ 3736 Certiorari(Rule)
§ 3737 Record(Rule)
§ 3738 Docketing appeal and record(Rule)
§ 3739 Supervision(Rule)
§ 3740 Argument(Rule)
§ 3741 Harmless error and plain error(Rule)
§ 3742 Review of a sentence
Part III - Prisons and Prisoners
Chapter 301 - General Provisions
§ 4001 Limitation on detention; control of prisons
§ 4002 Federal prisoners in State institutions; employment
§ 4003 Federal institutions in States without appropriate facilities
§ 4004 Oaths and acknowledgments
§ 4005 Medical relief; expenses
§ 4006 Subsistence for prisoners
§ 4007 Expenses of prisoners
§ 4008 Transportation expenses
§ 4009 Appropriations for sites and buildings
§ 4010 Acquisition of additional land
§ 4011 Disposition of cash collections for meals, laundry, etc.
§ 4012 Summary seizure and forfeiture of prison contraband
§ 4013 Support of United States prisoners in non-Federal institutions
§ 4014 Testing for human immunodeficiency virus
Chapter 303 - Bureau of Prisons
§ 4041 Bureau of Prisons; director and employees
§ 4042 Duties of Bureau of Prisons
§ 4043 Acceptance of gifts and bequests to the Commissary Funds, Federal Prisons
§ 4044 Donations on behalf of the Bureau of Prisons
§ 4045 Authority to conduct autopsies
§ 4046 Shock incarceration program
§ 4047 Prison impact assessments
§ 4048 Fees for health care services for prisoners
Chapter 305 - Commitment and Transfer
§ 4081 Classification and treatment of prisoners
§ 4082 Commitment to Attorney General; residential treatment centers; extension of limits of confinement; work furlough
§ 4083 Penitentiary imprisonment; consent
§ 4086 Temporary safe-keeping of federal offenders by marshals
Chapter 306 - Transfer to or From Foreign Countries
§ 4100 Scope and limitation of chapter
§ 4101 Definitions
§ 4102 Authority of the Attorney General
§ 4103 Applicability of United States laws
§ 4104 Transfer of offenders on probation
§ 4105 Transfer of offenders serving sentence of imprisonment
§ 4106 Transfer of offenders on parole; parole of offenders transferred
§ 4106A Transfer of offenders on parole; parole of offenders transferred
§ 4107 Verification of consent of offender to transfer from the United States
§ 4108 Verification of consent of offender to transfer to the United States
§ 4109 Right to counsel, appointment of counsel
§ 4110 Transfer of juveniles
§ 4111 Prosecution barred by foreign conviction
§ 4112 Loss of rights, disqualification
§ 4113 Status of alien offender transferred to a foreign country
§ 4114 Return of transferred offenders
§ 4115 Execution of sentences imposing an obligation to make restitution or reparations
Chapter 307 - Employment
§ 4121 Federal Prison Industries; board of directors
§ 4122 Administration of Federal Prison Industries
§ 4123 New industries
§ 4124 Purchase of prison-made products by Federal departments
§ 4125 Public works; prison camps
§ 4126 Prison Industries Fund; use and settlement of accounts
§ 4127 Prison Industries report to Congress
§ 4128 Enforcement by Attorney General
§ 4129 Authority to borrow and invest
Chapter 313 - Offenders With Mental Disease or Defect
§ 4241 Determination of mental competency to stand trial to undergo post-release proceedings 1
§ 4242 Determination of the existence of insanity at the time of the offense
§ 4243 Hospitalization of a person found not guilty only by reason of insanity
§ 4244 Hospitalization of a convicted person suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4245 Hospitalization of an imprisoned person suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4246 Hospitalization of a person due for release but suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4247 General provisions for chapter
§ 4248 Civil commitment of a sexually dangerous person
Chapter 315 - Discharge and Release Payments
§ 4282 Arrested but on-convicted persons
§ 4285 Persons released pending further judicial proceedings
Chapter 319 - National Institute of Corrections
§ 4351 Establishment; Advisory Board; appointment of members; compensation; officers; committees; delegation of powers; Director, appointment and powers 1
§ 4352 Authority of Institute; time; records of recipients; access; scope of section 1
Part IV - Correction of Youthful Offenders
Chapter 401 - General Provisions
§ 5001 Surrender to State authorities; expenses
§ 5003 Custody of State offenders
Chapter 403 - Juvenile Delinquency
§ 5031 Definitions
§ 5032 Delinquency proceedings in district courts; transfer for criminal prosecution
§ 5033 Custody prior to appearance before magistrate judge
§ 5034 Duties of magistrate judge
§ 5035 Detention prior to disposition
§ 5036 Speedy trial
§ 5037 Dis-positional hearing
§ 5038 Use of juvenile records
§ 5039 Commitment
§ 5040 Support
§ 5042 Revocation of probation
Part V - Immunity of Witnesses
Chapter 601 - Immunity of Witnesses
§ 6001 Definitions
§ 6002 Immunity generally
§ 6003 Court and grand jury proceedings
§ 6004 Certain administrative proceedings
§ 6005 Congressional proceedings
Part I - Crimes Chapter 1 - General Provisions
§ 2 Principals
§ 3 Accessory after the fact
§ 4 Misprision of felony
§ 5 United States defined
§ 6 Department and agency defined
§ 7 Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States defined
§ 8 Obligation or other security of the United States defined
§ 9 Vessel of the United States defined
§ 10 Interstate commerce and foreign commerce defined
§ 11 Foreign government defined
§ 12 United States Postal Service defined
§ 13 Laws of States adopted for areas within Federal jurisdiction
§ 15 Obligation or other security of foreign government defined
§ 16 Crime of violence defined
§ 17 Insanity defense
§ 18 Organization defined
§ 19 Petty offense defined
§ 20 Financial institution defined
§ 21 Stolen or counterfeit nature of property for certain crimes defined
§ 24 Definitions relating to Federal health care offense
§ 25 Use of minors in crimes of violence
§ 26 Definition of seaport
§ 27 Mortgage lending business defined
Chapter 2 - Aircraft and Motor Vehicles
§ 31 Definitions
§ 32 Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities
§ 33 Destruction of motor vehicles or motor vehicle facilities
§ 34 Penalty when death results
§ 35 Imparting or conveying false information
§ 36 Drive-by shooting
§ 37 Violence at international airports
§ 38 Fraud involving aircraft or space vehicle parts in interstate or foreign commerce
§ 39 Traffic signal preemption transmitters
§ 40 Commercial motor vehicles required to stop for inspections
Chapter 3 - Animals, Birds, Fish, and Plants
§ 41 Hunting, fishing, trapping; disturbance or injury on wildlife refuges
§ 42 Importation or shipment of injurious mammals, birds, fish (including mollusks and crustacean), amphibian, and reptiles; permits, specimens for museums; regulations
§ 43 Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises
§ 46 Transportation of water hyacinths
§ 47 Use of aircraft or motor vehicles to hunt certain wild horses or burros; pollution of watering holes
§ 48 Depiction of animal cruelty
§ 49 Enforcement of animal fighting prohibitions
Chapter 7 - Assault
§ 111 Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees
§ 112 Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons
§ 113 Assaults within maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 114 Maiming within maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 115 Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or injuring a family member
§ 116 Female genital mutilation
§ 117 Domestic assault by an habitual offender
§ 118 Interference with certain protective functions
§ 119 Protection of individuals performing certain official duties
Chapter 9 - Bankruptcy
§ 151 Definition
§ 152 Concealment of assets; false oaths and claims; bribery
§ 153 Embezzlement against estate
§ 154 Adverse interest and conduct of officers
§ 155 Fee agreements in cases under title 11 and receivership's
§ 156 Knowing disregard of bankruptcy law or rule
§ 157 Bankruptcy fraud
§ 158 Designation of United States attorneys and agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to address abusive reaffirmations of debt and materially fraudulent statements in bankruptcy schedules
Chapter 10 - Biological Weapons
§ 175 Prohibitions with respect to biological weapons
§ 175a Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 175b Possession by restricted persons
§ 175c Varietal virus
§ 176 Seizure, forfeiture, and destruction
§ 177 Injunctions
§ 178 Definitions
Chapter 11 - Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest
§ 201 Bribery of public officials and witnesses
§ 202 Definitions
§ 203 Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government
§ 204 Practice in United States Court of Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by Members of Congress
§ 205 Activities of officers and employees in claims against and other matters affecting the Government
§ 206 Exemption of retired officers of the uniformed services
§ 207 Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches
§ 208 Acts affecting a personal financial interest
§ 209 Salary of Government officials and employees payable only by United States
§ 210 Offer to procure appointive public office
§ 211 Acceptance or solicitation to obtain appointive public office
§ 212 Offer of loan or gratuity to financial institution examiner
§ 213 Acceptance of loan or gratuity by financial institution examiner
§ 214 Offer for procurement of Federal Reserve bank loan and discount of commercial paper
§ 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans
§ 216 Penalties and injunctions
§ 217 Acceptance of consideration for adjustment of farm indebtedness
§ 218 Voiding transactions in violation of chapter; recovery by the United States
§ 219 Officers and employees acting as agents of foreign principals
§ 224 Bribery in sporting contests
§ 225 Continuing financial crimes enterprise
§ 226 Bribery affecting port security
§ 227 Wrongfully influencing a private entity’s employment decisions by a Member of Congress
Chapter 11B - Chemical Weapons
§ 229 Prohibited activities
§ 229A Penalties
§ 229B Criminal forfeitures; destruction of weapons
§ 229C Individual self-defense devices
§ 229D Injunctions
§ 229E Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 229F Definitions
Chapter 12 - Civil Disorders
§ 231 Civil disorders
§ 232 Definitions
§ 233 Preemption
Chapter 13 - Civil Rights
§ 241 Conspiracy against rights
§ 242 Deprivation of rights under color of law
§ 243 Exclusion of jurors on account of race or color
§ 244 Discrimination against person wearing uniform of armed forces
§ 245 Federally protected activities
§ 246 Deprivation of relief benefits
§ 247 Damage to religious property; obstruction of persons in the free exercise of religious beliefs
§ 248 Freedom of access to clinic entrances
§ 249 Hate crime acts
Chapter 15 - Claims and Services in Matters Affecting Government
§ 285 Taking or using papers relating to claims
§ 286 Conspiracy to defraud the Government with respect to claims
§ 287 False, fictitious or fraudulent claims
§ 288 False claims for postal losses
§ 289 False claims for pensions
§ 290 Discharge papers withheld by claim agent
§ 291 Purchase of claims for fees by court officials
§ 292 Solicitation of employment and receipt of unapproved fees concerning Federal employees’ compensation
Chapter 17 - Coins and Currency
§ 331 Mutilation, diminution, and falsification of coins
§ 332 Debasement of coins; alteration of official scales, or embezzlement of metals
§ 333 Mutilation of national bank obligations
§ 334 Issuance of Federal Reserve or national bank notes
§ 335 Circulation of obligations of expired corporations
§ 336 Issuance of circulating obligations of less than $1
§ 337 Coins as security for loans
Chapter 17A - Common Carrier Operation Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs
§ 341 Definitions
§ 342 Operation of a common carrier under the influence of alcohol or drugs
§ 343 Presumptions
Chapter 19 - Conspiracy
§ 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States
§ 372 Conspiracy to impede or injure officer
§ 373 Solicitation to commit a crime of violence
Chapter 21 - Contempt's
§ 401 Power of court
§ 402 Contempt's constituting crimes
§ 403 Protection of the privacy of child victims and child witnesses
Chapter 23 - Contracts
§ 431 Contracts by Member of Congress
§ 432 Officer or employee contracting with Member of Congress
§ 433 Exemptions with respect to certain contracts
§ 435 Contracts in excess of specific appropriation
§ 436 Convict labor contracts
§ 440 Mail contracts
§ 441 Postal supply contracts
§ 442 Printing contracts
§ 443 War contracts
Chapter 25 - Counterfeiting and Forgery
§ 470 Counterfeit acts committed outside the United States
§ 471 Obligations or securities of United States
§ 472 Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities
§ 473 Dealing in counterfeit obligations or securities
§ 474 Plates, stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images for counterfeiting obligations or securities
§ 474A Deterrents to counterfeiting of obligations and securities
§ 475 Imitating obligations or securities; advertisements
§ 476 Taking impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
§ 477 Possessing or selling impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
§ 478 Foreign obligations or securities
§ 479 Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
§ 480 Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
§ 481 Plates, stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images for counterfeiting foreign obligations or securities
§ 482 Foreign bank notes
§ 483 Uttering counterfeit foreign bank notes
§ 484 Connecting parts of different notes
§ 485 Coins or bars
§ 486 Uttering coins of gold, silver or other metal
§ 487 Making or possessing counterfeit dies for coins
§ 488 Making or possessing counterfeit dies for foreign coins
§ 489 Making or possessing likeness of coins
§ 490 Minor coins
§ 491 Tokens or paper used as money
§ 492 Forfeiture of counterfeit paraphernalia
§ 493 Bonds and obligations of certain lending agencies
§ 494 Contractors’ bonds, bids, and public records
§ 495 Contracts, deeds, and powers of attorney
§ 496 Customs matters
§ 497 Letters patent
§ 498 Military or naval discharge certificates
§ 499 Military, naval, or official passes
§ 500 Money orders
§ 501 Postage stamps, postage meter stamps, and postal cards
§ 502 Postage and revenue stamps of foreign governments
§ 503 Postmarking stamps
§ 504 Printing and filming of United States and foreign obligations and securities
§ 505 Seals of courts; signatures of judges or court officers
§ 506 Seals of departments or agencies
§ 507 Ship’s papers
§ 508 Transportation requests of Government
§ 509 Possessing and making plates or stones for Government transportation requests
§ 510 Forging endorsements on Treasury checks or bonds or securities of the United States
§ 511 Altering or removing motor vehicle identification numbers
§ 511A Unauthorized application of theft prevention decal or device
§ 512 Forfeiture of certain motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts
§ 513 Securities of the States and private entities
§ 514 Fictitious obligations
Chapter 27 - Customs
§ 541 Entry of goods falsely classified
§ 542 Entry of goods by means of false statements
§ 543 Entry of goods for less than legal duty
§ 544 Relanding of goods
§ 545 Smuggling goods into the United States
§ 546 Smuggling goods into foreign countries
§ 547 Depositing goods in buildings on boundaries
§ 548 Removing or repacking goods in warehouses
§ 549 Removing goods from customs custody; breaking seals
§ 550 False claim for refund of duties
§ 551 Concealing or destroying invoices or other papers
§ 552 Officers aiding importation of obscene or treasonous books and articles
§ 553 Importation or exportation of stolen motor vehicles, off-highway mobile equipment, vessels, or aircraft
§ 554 Smuggling goods from the United States
§ 555 Border tunnels and passages
Chapter 29 - Elections and Political Activities
§ 592 Troops at polls
§ 593 Interference by armed forces
§ 594 Intimidation of voters
§ 595 Interference by administrative employees of Federal, State, or Territorial Governments
§ 596 Polling armed forces
§ 597 Expenditures to influence voting
§ 598 Coercion by means of relief appropriations
§ 599 Promise of appointment by candidate
§ 600 Promise of employment or other benefit for political activity
§ 601 Deprivation of employment or other benefit for political contribution
§ 602 Solicitation of political contributions
§ 603 Making political contributions
§ 604 Solicitation from persons on relief
§ 605 Disclosure of names of persons on relief
§ 606 Intimidation to secure political contributions
§ 607 Place of solicitation
§ 608 Absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters
§ 609 Use of military authority to influence vote of member of Armed Forces
§ 610 Coercion of political activity
§ 611 Voting by aliens
Chapter 31 - Embezzlement and Theft
§ 641 Public money, property or records
§ 642 Tools and materials for counterfeiting purposes
§ 643 Accounting generally for public money
§ 644 Banker receiving unauthorized deposit of public money
§ 645 Court officers generally
§ 646 Court officers depositing registry moneys
§ 647 Receiving loan from court officer
§ 648 Custodians, generally, misusing public funds
§ 649 Custodians failing to deposit moneys; persons affected
§ 650 Depositaries failing to safeguard deposits
§ 651 Disbursing officer falsely certifying full payment
§ 652 Disbursing officer paying lesser in lieu of lawful amount
§ 653 Disbursing officer misusing public funds
§ 654 Officer or employee of United States converting property of another
§ 655 Theft by bank examiner
§ 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee
§ 657 Lending, credit and insurance institutions
§ 658 Property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies
§ 659 Interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; State prosecutions
§ 660 Carrier’s funds derived from commerce; State prosecutions
§ 661 Within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 662 Receiving stolen property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 663 Solicitation or use of gifts
§ 664 Theft or embezzlement from employee benefit plan
§ 665 Theft or embezzlement from employment and training funds; improper inducement; obstruction of investigations
§ 666 Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds
§ 667 Theft of livestock
§ 668 Theft of major artwork
§ 669 Theft or embezzlement in connection with health care
Chapter 33 - Emblems, Insignia, and Names
§ 700 Desecration of the flag of the United States; penalties
§ 701 Official badges, identification cards, other insignia
§ 702 Uniform of armed forces and Public Health Service
§ 703 Uniform of friendly nation
§ 704 Military medals or decorations
§ 705 Badge or medal of veterans’ organizations
§ 706 Red Cross
§ 706a Geneva distinctive emblems
§ 707 4H club emblem fraudulently used
§ 708 Swiss Confederation coat of arms
§ 709 False advertising or misuse of names to indicate Federal agency
§ 710 Cremation urns for military use
§ 711 "Smokey Bear" character or name
§ 711a "Woodsy Owl" character, name, or slogan
§ 712 Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia
§ 713 Use of likenesses of the great seal of the United States, the seals of the President and Vice President, the seal of the United States Senate, the seal of the United States House of Representatives, and the seal of the United States Congress
§ 715 "The Golden Eagle Insignia"
§ 716 Public employee insignia and uniform
Chapter 35 - Escape and Rescue
§ 751 Prisoners in custody of institution or officer
§ 752 Instigating or assisting escape
§ 753 Rescue to prevent execution
§ 755 Officer permitting escape
§ 756 Internee of belligerent nation
§ 757 Prisoners of war or enemy aliens
§ 758 High speed flight from immigration checkpoint
Chapter 37 - Espionage and Censorship
§ 792 Harboring or concealing persons
§ 793 Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information
§ 794 Gathering or delivering defense information to aid foreign government
§ 795 Photographing and sketching defense installations
§ 796 Use of aircraft for photographing defense installations
§ 797 Publication and sale of photographs of defense installations
§ 798 Disclosure of classified information
§ 798A Temporary extension of section 794
§ 799 Violation of regulations of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Chapter 39 - Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles
§ 831 Prohibited transactions involving nuclear materials
§ 832 Participation in nuclear and weapons of mass destruction threats to the United States
§ 836 Transportation of fireworks into State prohibiting sale or use
Chapter 40 - Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials
§ 841 Definitions
§ 842 Unlawful acts
§ 843 Licenses and user permits
§ 844 Penalties
§ 845 Exceptions; relief from disabilities
§ 846 Additional powers of the Attorney General
§ 847 Rules and regulations
§ 848 Effect on State law
Chapter 41 - Extortion and Threats
§ 871 Threats against President and successors to the Presidency
§ 872 Extortion by officers or employees of the United States
§ 873 Blackmail
§ 874 Kickbacks from public works employees
§ 875 Interstate communications
§ 876 Mailing threatening communications
§ 877 Mailing threatening communications from foreign country
§ 878 Threats and extortion against foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons
§ 879 Threats against former Presidents and certain other persons
§ 880 Receiving the proceeds of extortion
Chapter 42 - Extortionate Credit Transactions
§ 891 Definitions and rules of construction
§ 892 Making extortionate extensions of credit
§ 893 Financing extortionate extensions of credit
§ 894 Collection of extensions of credit by extortionate means
§ 896 Effect on State laws
Chapter 43 - False Personation
§ 911 Citizen of the United States
§ 912 Officer or employee of the United States
§ 913 Impersonator making arrest or search
§ 914 Creditors of the United States
§ 915 Foreign diplomats, consuls or officers
§ 916 4H Club members or agents
§ 917 Red Cross members or agents
Chapter 44 - Firearms
§ 921 Definitions
§ 922 Unlawful acts
§ 923 Licensing
§ 924 Penalties
§ 925 Exceptions: Relief from disabilities
§ 925A Remedy for erroneous denial of firearm
§ 926 Rules and regulations
§ 926A Interstate transportation of firearms
§ 926B Carrying of concealed firearms by qualified law enforcement officers
§ 926C Carrying of concealed firearms by qualified retired law enforcement officers
§ 927 Effect on State law
§ 928 Separability
§ 929 Use of restricted ammunition
§ 930 Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal facilities
§ 931 Prohibition on purchase, ownership, or possession of body armor by violent felons
Chapter 45 - Foreign Relations
§ 951 Agents of foreign governments
§ 952 Diplomatic codes and correspondence
§ 953 Private correspondence with foreign governments
§ 954 False statements influencing foreign government
§ 955 Financial transactions with foreign governments
§ 956 Conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country
§ 957 Possession of property in aid of foreign government
§ 958 Commission to serve against friendly nation
§ 959 Enlistment in foreign service
§ 960 Expedition against friendly nation
§ 961 Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation
§ 962 Arming vessel against friendly nation
§ 963 Detention of armed vessel
§ 964 Delivering armed vessel to belligerent nation
§ 965 Verified statements as prerequisite to vessel’s departure
§ 966 Departure of vessel forbidden for false statements
§ 967 Departure of vessel forbidden in aid of neutrality
§ 970 Protection of property occupied by foreign governments
Chapter 46 - Forfeiture
§ 981 Civil forfeiture
§ 982 Criminal forfeiture
§ 983 General rules for civil forfeiture proceedings
§ 984 Civil forfeiture of fungible property
§ 985 Civil forfeiture of real property
§ 986 Subpoenas for bank records
§ 987 Anti-terrorist forfeiture protection
Chapter 47 - Fraud and False Statements
§ 1001 Statements or entries generally
§ 1002 Possession of false papers to defraud United States
§ 1003 Demands against the United States
§ 1004 Certification of checks
§ 1005 Bank entries, reports and transactions
§ 1006 Federal credit institution entries, reports and transactions
§ 1007 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation transactions
§ 1010 Department of Housing and Urban Development and Federal Housing Administration transactions
§ 1011 Federal land bank mortgage transactions
§ 1012 Department of Housing and Urban Development transactions
§ 1013 Farm loan bonds and credit bank debentures
§ 1014 Loan and credit applications generally; renewals and discounts; crop insurance
§ 1015 Naturalization, citizenship or alien registry
§ 1016 Acknowledgment of appearance or oath
§ 1017 Government seals wrongfully used and instruments wrongfully sealed
§ 1018 Official certificates or writings
§ 1019 Certificates by consular officers
§ 1020 Highway projects
§ 1021 Title records
§ 1022 Delivery of certificate, voucher, receipt for military or naval property
§ 1023 Insufficient delivery of money or property for military or naval service
§ 1024 Purchase or receipt of military, naval, or veteran’s facilities property
§ 1025 False pretenses on high seas and other waters
§ 1026 Compromise, adjustment, or cancellation of farm indebtedness
§ 1027 False statements and concealment of facts in relation to documents required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
§ 1028 Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information
§ 1028A Aggravated identity theft
§ 1029 Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices
§ 1030 Fraud and related activity in connection with computers
§ 1031 Major fraud against the United States
§ 1032 Concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial institution
§ 1033 Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce
§ 1034 Civil penalties and injunctions for violations of section 1033
§ 1035 False statements relating to health care matters
§ 1036 Entry by false pretenses to any real property, vessel, or aircraft of the United States or secure area of any airport or seaport
§ 1037 Fraud and related activity in connection with electronic mail
§ 1038 False information and hoaxes
§ 1039 Fraud and related activity in connection with obtaining confidential phone records information of a covered entity
§ 1040 Fraud in connection with major disaster or emergency benefits
Chapter 49 - Fugitives From Justice
§ 1071 Concealing person from arrest
§ 1072 Concealing escaped prisoner
§ 1073 Flight to avoid prosecution or giving testimony
§ 1074 Flight to avoid prosecution for damaging or destroying any building or other real or personal property
Chapter 50 - Gambling
§ 1081 Definitions
§ 1082 Gambling ships
§ 1083 Transportation between shore and ship; penalties
§ 1084 Transmission of wagering information; penalties
Chapter 50A - Genocide
§ 1091 Genocide
§ 1092 Exclusive remedies
§ 1093 Definitions
Chapter 51 - Homicide
§ 1111 Murder
§ 1112 Manslaughter
§ 1113 Attempt to commit murder or manslaughter
§ 1114 Protection of officers and employees of the United States
§ 1115 Misconduct or neglect of ship officers
§ 1116 Murder or manslaughter of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons
§ 1117 Conspiracy to murder
§ 1118 Murder by a Federal prisoner
§ 1119 Foreign murder of United States nationals
§ 1120 Murder by escaped prisoners
§ 1121 Killing persons aiding Federal investigations or State correctional officers
§ 1122 Protection against the human immunodeficiency virus
Chapter 53 - Indians
§ 1151 Indian country defined
§ 1152 Laws governing
§ 1153 Offenses committed within Indian country
§ 1154 Intoxicants dispensed in Indian country
§ 1155 Intoxicants dispensed on school site
§ 1156 Intoxicants possessed unlawfully
§ 1158 Counterfeiting Indian Arts and Crafts Board trade mark
§ 1159 Misrepresentation of Indian produced goods and products
§ 1160 Property damaged in committing offense
§ 1161 Application of Indian liquor laws
§ 1162 State jurisdiction over offenses committed by or against Indians in the Indian country
§ 1163 Embezzlement and theft from Indian tribal organizations
§ 1164 Destroying boundary and warning signs
§ 1165 Hunting, trapping, or fishing on Indian land
§ 1166 Gambling in Indian country
§ 1167 Theft from gaming establishments on Indian lands
§ 1168 Theft by officers or employees of gaming establishments on Indian lands
§ 1169 Reporting of child abuse
§ 1170 Illegal trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural items
Chapter 55 - Kidnapping
§ 1201 Kidnapping
§ 1202 Ransom money
§ 1203 Hostage taking
§ 1204 International parental kidnapping
Chapter 57 - Labor
§ 1231 Transportation of strikebreakers
Chapter 59 - Liquor Traffic
§ 1261 Enforcement, regulations, and scope
§ 1262 Transportation into State prohibiting sale
§ 1263 Marks and labels on packages
§ 1264 Delivery to consignee
§ 1265 C.O.D. shipments prohibited
Chapter 61 - Lotteries
§ 1301 Importing or transporting lottery tickets
§ 1302 Mailing lottery tickets or related matter
§ 1303 Postmaster or employee as lottery agent 1
§ 1304 Broadcasting lottery information
§ 1305 Fishing contests
§ 1306 Participation by financial institutions
§ 1307 Exceptions relating to certain advertisements and other information and to State-conducted lotteries
Chapter 63 - Mail Fraud and Other Fraud Offenses
§ 1341 Frauds and swindles
§ 1342 Fictitious name or address
§ 1343 Fraud by wire, radio, or television
§ 1344 Bank fraud
§ 1345 Injunctions against fraud
§ 1346 Definition of "scheme or artifice to defraud"
§ 1347 Health care fraud
§ 1348 Securities and commodities fraud
§ 1349 Attempt and conspiracy
§ 1350 Failure of corporate officers to certify financial reports
§ 1351 Fraud in foreign labor contracting
Chapter 65 - Malicious Mischief
§ 1361 Government property or contracts
§ 1362 Communication lines, stations or systems
§ 1363 Buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 1364 Interference with foreign commerce by violence
§ 1365 Tampering with consumer products
§ 1366 Destruction of an energy facility
§ 1367 Interference with the operation of a satellite
§ 1368 Harming animals used in law enforcement
§ 1369 Destruction of veterans’ memorials
Chapter 67 - Military and Navy
§ 1381 Enticing desertion and harboring deserters
§ 1382 Entering military, naval, or Coast Guard property
§ 1384 Prostitution near military and naval establishments
§ 1385 Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus, does he mean,(committal)?
§ 1386 Keys and key-ways used in security applications by the Department of Defense
§ 1387 Demonstrations at cemeteries under the control of the National Cemetery Administration and at Arlington National Cemetery
§ 1388 Prohibition on disruptions of funerals of members or former members of the Armed Forces
§ 1389 Prohibition on attacks on United States servicemen on account of service
Chapter 69 - Nationality and Citizenship
§ 1421 Accounts of court officers
§ 1422 Fees in naturalization proceedings
§ 1423 Misuse of evidence of citizenship or naturalization
§ 1424 Personification or misuse of papers in naturalization proceedings
§ 1425 Procurement of citizenship or naturalization unlawfully
§ 1426 Reproduction of naturalization or citizenship papers
§ 1427 Sale of naturalization or citizenship papers
§ 1428 Surrender of canceled naturalization certificate
§ 1429 Penalties for neglect or refusal to answer subpoena
Chapter 71 - Obscenity
§ 1460 Possession with intent to sell, and sale, of obscene matter on Federal property
§ 1461 Mailing obscene or crime-inciting matter
§ 1462 Importation or transportation of obscene matters
§ 1463 Mailing indecent matter on wrappers or envelopes
§ 1464 Broadcasting obscene language
§ 1465 Production and transportation of obscene matters for sale or distribution
§ 1466 Engaging in the business of selling or transferring obscene matter
§ 1466A Obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children
§ 1467 Criminal forfeiture
§ 1468 Distributing obscene material by cable or subscription television
§ 1469 Presumptions
§ 1470 Transfer of obscene material to minors
Chapter 73 - Obstruction of Justice
§ 1501 Assault on process server
§ 1502 Resistance to extradition agent
§ 1503 Influencing or injuring officer or juror generally
§ 1504 Influencing juror by writing
§ 1505 Obstruction of proceedings before departments, agencies, and committees
§ 1506 Theft or alteration of record or process; false bail
§ 1507 Picketing or parading
§ 1508 Recording, listening to, or observing proceedings of grand or petit juries while deliberating or voting
§ 1509 Obstruction of court orders
§ 1510 Obstruction of criminal investigations
§ 1511 Obstruction of State or local law enforcement
§ 1512 Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant
§ 1513 Retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant
§ 1514 Civil action to restrain harassment of a victim or witness
§ 1514A Civil action to protect against retaliation in fraud cases
§ 1515 Definitions for certain provisions; general provision
§ 1516 Obstruction of Federal audit
§ 1517 Obstructing examination of financial institution
§ 1518 Obstruction of criminal investigations of health care offenses
§ 1519 Destruction, alteration, or falsification of records in Federal investigations and bankruptcy
§ 1520 Destruction of corporate audit records
§ 1521 Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer by false claim or slander of title
Chapter 75 - Passports and Visas
§ 1541 Issuance without authority
§ 1542 False statement in application and use of passport
§ 1543 Forgery or false use of passport
§ 1544 Misuse of passport
§ 1545 Safe conduct violation
§ 1546 Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
§ 1547 Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses
Chapter 77 - Peonage, Slavery, and Trafficking in Persons
§ 1581 Peonage; obstructing enforcement
§ 1582 Vessels for slave trade
§ 1583 Enticement into slavery
§ 1584 Sale into involuntary servitude
§ 1585 Seizure, detention, transportation or sale of slaves
§ 1586 Service on vessels in slave trade
§ 1587 Possession of slaves aboard vessel
§ 1588 Transportation of slaves from United States
§ 1589 Forced labor
§ 1590 Trafficking with respect to peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced labor
§ 1591 Sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion
§ 1592 Unlawful conduct with respect to documents in furtherance of trafficking, peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced labor
§ 1593 Mandatory restitution
§ 1593A Benefiting financially from peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons
§ 1594 General provisions
§ 1595 Civil remedy
§ 1596 Additional jurisdiction in certain trafficking offenses
Chapter 79 - Perjury
§ 1621 Perjury generally
§ 1622 Subornation of perjury
§ 1623 False declarations before grand jury or court
Chapter 81 - Piracy and Privateer or Profiteering
§ 1651 Piracy under law of nations
§ 1652 Citizens as pirates
§ 1653 Aliens as pirates
§ 1654 Arming or serving on privateers
§ 1655 Assault on commander as piracy
§ 1656 Conversion or surrender of vessel
§ 1657 Corruption of seamen and confederating with pirates
§ 1658 Plunder of distressed vessel
§ 1659 Attack to plunder vessel
§ 1660 Receipt of pirate property
§ 1661 Robbery ashore
Chapter 83 - Postal Service
§ 1691 Laws governing postal savings
§ 1692 Foreign mail as United States mail
§ 1693 Carriage of mail generally
§ 1694 Carriage of matter out of mail over post routes
§ 1695 Carriage of matter out of mail on vessels
§ 1696 Private express for letters and packets
§ 1697 Transportation of persons acting as private express
§ 1698 Prompt delivery of mail from vessel
§ 1699 Certification of delivery from vessel
§ 1700 Desertion of mails
§ 1701 Obstruction of mails generally
§ 1702 Obstruction of correspondence
§ 1703 Delay or destruction of mail or newspapers
§ 1704 Keys or locks stolen or reproduced
§ 1705 Destruction of letter boxes or mail
§ 1706 Injury to mail bags
§ 1707 Theft of property used by Postal Service
§ 1708 Theft or receipt of stolen mail matter generally
§ 1709 Theft of mail matter by officer or employee
§ 1710 Theft of newspapers
§ 1711 Misappropriation of postal funds
§ 1712 Falsification of postal returns to increase compensation
§ 1713 Issuance of money orders without payment
§ 1715 Firearms as non-mailable; regulations
§ 1716 Injurious articles as non-mailable
§ 1716A Non-mailable locksmiths devices and motor vehicle master keys
§ 1716B Non-mailable plants
§ 1716C Forged agricultural certifications
§ 1716D Non-mailable injurious animals, plant pests, plants, and illegally taken fish, wildlife, and plants
§ 1717 Letters and writings as non-mailable
§ 1719 Franking privilege
§ 1720 Canceled stamps and envelopes
§ 1721 Sale or pledge of stamps
§ 1722 False evidence to secure second-class rate
§ 1723 Avoidance of postage by using lower class matter
§ 1724 Postage on mail delivered by foreign vessels
§ 1725 Postage unpaid on deposited mail matter
§ 1726 Postage collected unlawfully
§ 1728 Weight of mail increased fraudulently
§ 1729 Post office conducted without authority
§ 1730 Uniforms of carriers
§ 1731 Vehicles falsely labeled as carriers
§ 1732 Approval of bond or sureties by postmaster
§ 1733 Mailing periodical publications without prepayment of postage
§ 1734 Editorials and other matter as "advertisements"
§ 1735 Sexually oriented advertisements
§ 1736 Restrictive use of information
§ 1737 Manufacturer of sexually related mail matter
Chapter 84 - Presidential and Presidential Staff Assassination, Kidnapping, and Assault
§ 1751 Presidential and Presidential staff assassination, kidnapping, and assault; penalties
§ 1752 Restricted building or grounds
Chapter 85 - Prison-made Goods
§ 1761 Transportation or importation
§ 1762 Marking packages
Chapter 87 - Prisons
§ 1791 Providing or possessing contraband in prison
§ 1792 Mutiny and riot prohibited
§ 1793 Trespass on Bureau of Prisons reservations and land
Chapter 90 - Protection of Trade Secrets
§ 1831 Economic espionage
§ 1832 Theft of trade secrets
§ 1833 Exceptions to prohibitions
§ 1834 Criminal forfeiture
§ 1835 Orders to preserve confidentiality
§ 1836 Civil proceedings to enjoin violations
§ 1837 Applicability to conduct outside the United States
§ 1838 Construction with other laws
§ 1839 Definitions
Chapter 91 - Public Lands
§ 1851 Coal depredations
§ 1852 Timber removed or transported
§ 1853 Trees cut or injured
§ 1854 Trees boxed for pitch or turpentine
§ 1855 Timber set afire
§ 1856 Fires left unattended and unextinguished
§ 1857 Fences destroyed; livestock entering
§ 1858 Survey marks destroyed or removed
§ 1859 Surveys interrupted
§ 1860 Bids at land sales
§ 1861 Deception of prospective purchasers
§ 1863 Trespass on national forest lands
§ 1864 Hazardous or injurious devices on Federal lands
Chapter 93 - Public Officers and Employees
§ 1901 Collecting or disbursing officer trading in public property
§ 1902 Disclosure of crop information and speculation thereon
§ 1903 Speculation in stocks or commodities affecting crop insurance
§ 1905 Disclosure of confidential information generally
§ 1906 Disclosure of information from a bank examination report
§ 1907 Disclosure of information by farm credit examiner
§ 1909 Examiner performing other services
§ 1910 Nepotism in appointment of receiver or trustee
§ 1911 Receiver mismanaging property
§ 1912 Unauthorized fees for inspection of vessels
§ 1913 Lobbying with appropriated moneys
§ 1915 Compromise of customs liabilities
§ 1916 Unauthorized employment and disposition of lapsed appropriations
§ 1917 Interference with civil service examinations
§ 1918 Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike against the Government
§ 1919 False statement to obtain unemployment compensation for Federal service
§ 1920 False statement or fraud to obtain Federal employees’ compensation
§ 1921 Receiving Federal employees’ compensation after marriage
§ 1922 False or withheld report concerning Federal employees’ compensation
§ 1923 Fraudulent receipt of payments of missing persons
§ 1924 Unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or material
Chapter 95 - Racketeering
§ 1951 Interference with commerce by threats or violence
§ 1952 Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises
§ 1953 Interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia
§ 1954 Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence operations of employee benefit plan
§ 1955 Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses
§ 1956 Laundering of monetary instruments
§ 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity
§ 1958 Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire
§ 1959 Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity
§ 1960 Prohibition of unlicensed money transmitting businesses
Chapter 96 - Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
§ 1961 Definitions
§ 1962 Prohibited activities
§ 1963 Criminal penalties
§ 1964 Civil remedies
§ 1965 Venue and process
§ 1966 Expedition of actions
§ 1967 Evidence
§ 1968 Civil investigative demand
Chapter 97 - Railroad Carriers and Mass Transportation Systems on Land, on Water, or Through the Air
§ 1991 Entering train to commit crime
§ 1992 Terrorist attacks and other violence against railroad carriers and against mass transportation systems on land, on water, or through the air
Chapter 101 - Records and Reports
§ 2071 Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally
§ 2072 False crop reports
§ 2073 False entries and reports of moneys or securities
§ 2074 False weather reports
§ 2075 Officer failing to make returns or reports
§ 2076 Clerk of United States District Court
Chapter 102 - Riots
§ 2101 Riots
§ 2102 Definitions
Chapter 103 - Robbery and Burglary
§ 2111 Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction
§ 2112 Personal property of United States
§ 2113 Bank robbery and incidental crimes
§ 2114 Mail, money, or other property of United States
§ 2115 Post office
§ 2116 Railway or steamboat post office
§ 2117 Breaking or entering carrier facilities
§ 2118 Robberies and burglaries involving controlled substances
§ 2119 Motor vehicles
Chapter 105 - Sabotage
§ 2151 Definitions
§ 2152 Fortifications, harbor defenses, or defensive sea areas
§ 2153 Destruction of war material, war premises, or war utilities
§ 2154 Production of defective war material, war premises, or war utilities
§ 2155 Destruction of national-defense materials, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities
§ 2156 Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities
Chapter 107 - Seamen and Stowaways
§ 2191 Cruelty to seamen
§ 2192 In citation of seamen to revolt or mutiny
§ 2193 Revolt or mutiny of seamen
§ 2194 Shanghaiing sailors
§ 2195 Abandonment of sailors
§ 2196 Drunkenness or neglect of duty by seamen
§ 2197 Misuse of Federal certificate, license or document
§ 2199 Stowaways on vessels or aircraft
Chapter 109 - Searches and Seizures
§ 2231 Assault or resistance
§ 2232 Destruction or removal of property to prevent seizure
§ 2233 Rescue of seized property
§ 2234 Authority exceeded in executing warrant
§ 2235 Search warrant procured maliciously
§ 2236 Searches without warrant
§ 2237 Criminal sanctions for failure to heave to, obstruction of boarding, or providing false information
Chapter 109A - Sexual Abuse
§ 2241 Aggravated sexual abuse
§ 2242 Sexual abuse
§ 2243 Sexual abuse of a minor or ward
§ 2244 Abusive sexual contact
§ 2245 Offenses resulting in death
§ 2246 Definitions for chapter
§ 2247 Repeat offenders
§ 2248 Mandatory restitution
Chapter 110 - Sexual Exploitation and Other Abuse of Children
§ 2251 Sexual exploitation of children
§ 2251A Selling or buying of children
§ 2252 Certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation of minors
§ 2252A Certain activities relating to material constituting or containing child pornography
§ 2252B Misleading domain names on the Internet
§ 2252C Misleading words or digital images on the Internet
§ 2253 Criminal forfeiture
§ 2254 Civil forfeiture
§ 2255 Civil remedy for personal injuries
§ 2256 Definitions for chapter
§ 2257 Record keeping requirements
§ 2257A Record keeping requirements for simulated sexual conduct
§ 2258 Failure to report child abuse
§ 2258A Reporting requirements of electronic communication service providers and remote computing service providers
§ 2258B Limited liability for electronic communication service providers, remote computing service providers, or domain name registrar 1
§ 2258C Use to combat child pornography of technical elements relating to images reported to the Cyb-er Tip-line
§ 2258D Limited liability for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
§ 2258E Definitions
§ 2259 Mandatory restitution
§ 2260 Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation into the United States
§ 2260A Penalties for registered sex offenders
Chapter 110A - Domestic Violence and Stalking
§ 2261 Interstate domestic violence
§ 2261A Stalking
§ 2262 Interstate violation of protection order
§ 2263 Pretrial release of defendant
§ 2264 Restitution
§ 2265 Full faith and credit given to protection orders
§ 2265A Repeat offenders
§ 2266 Definitions
Chapter 111 - Shipping
§ 2271 Conspiracy to destroy vessels
§ 2272 Destruction of vessel by owner
§ 2273 Destruction of vessel by non-owner
§ 2274 Destruction or misuse of vessel by person in charge
§ 2275 Firing or tampering with vessels
§ 2276 Breaking and entering vessel
§ 2277 Explosives or dangerous weapons aboard vessels
§ 2278 Explosives on vessels carrying steerage passengers
§ 2279 Boarding vessels before arrival
§ 2280 Violence against maritime navigation
§ 2281 Violence against maritime fixed platforms
§ 2282B Violence against aids to maritime navigation
§ 2283 Transportation of explosive, biological, chemical, or radioactive or nuclear materials
§ 2284 Transportation of terrorists
§ 2285 Operation of submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel without nationality
Chapter 111A - Destruction Of, or Interference With, Vessels or Maritime Facilities
§ 2290 Jurisdiction and scope
§ 2291 Destruction of vessel or maritime facility
§ 2292 Imparting or conveying false information
§ 2293 Bar to prosecution
Chapter 113 - Stolen Property
§ 2311 Definitions
§ 2312 Transportation of stolen vehicles
§ 2313 Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles
§ 2314 Transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting
§ 2315 Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps
§ 2316 Transportation of livestock
§ 2317 Sale or receipt of livestock
§ 2318 Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or counterfeit documentation or packaging
§ 2319 Criminal infringement of a copyright
§ 2319A Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances
§ 2319B Unauthorized recording of Motion pictures in a Motion picture exhibition facility
§ 2320 Trafficking in counterfeit goods or services
§ 2321 Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts
§ 2322 Chop shops
§ 2323 Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution
Chapter 113A - Telemarketing Fraud
§ 2325 Definition
§ 2326 Enhanced penalties
§ 2327 Mandatory restitution
Chapter 113B - Terrorism
§ 2331 Definitions
§ 2332 Criminal penalties
§ 2332a Use of weapons of mass destruction
§ 2332b Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries
§ 2332d Financial transactions
§ 2332e Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies
§ 2332f Bombings of places of public use, government facilities, public transportation systems and infrastructure facilities
§ 2332g Missile systems designed to destroy aircraft
§ 2332h Radiological dispersal devices
§ 2333 Civil remedies
§ 2334 Jurisdiction and venue
§ 2335 Limitation of actions
§ 2336 Other limitations
§ 2337 Suits against Government officials
§ 2338 Exclusive Federal jurisdiction
§ 2339 Harboring or concealing terrorists
§ 2339A Providing material support to terrorists
§ 2339B Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations
§ 2339C Prohibitions against the financing of terrorism
§ 2339D Receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization
Chapter 113C - Torture
§ 2340 Definitions
§ 2340A Torture
§ 2340B Exclusive remedies
Chapter 114 - Trafficking in Contraband Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco
§ 2341 Definitions
§ 2342 Unlawful acts
§ 2343 Record-keeping, reporting, and inspection
§ 2344 Penalties
§ 2345 Effect on State and local law
§ 2346 Enforcement and regulations
Chapter 115 - Treason, Sedition, and Subversive Activities
§ 2381 Treason
§ 2382 Misprision of treason
§ 2383 Rebellion or insurrection
§ 2384 Seditious conspiracy
§ 2385 Advocating overthrow of Government
§ 2386 Registration of certain organizations
§ 2387 Activities affecting armed forces generally
§ 2388 Activities affecting armed forces during war
§ 2389 Recruiting for service against United States
§ 2390 Enlistment to serve against United States
Chapter 117 - Transportation for Illegal Sexual Activity and Related Crimes
§ 2421 Transportation generally
§ 2422 Coercion and enticement
§ 2423 Transportation of minors
§ 2424 Filing factual statement about alien individual
§ 2425 Use of interstate facilities to transmit information about a minor
§ 2426 Repeat offenders
§ 2427 Inclusion of offenses relating to child pornography in definition of sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense
§ 2428 Forfeitures
Chapter 118 - War Crimes
§ 2441 War crimes
§ 2442 Recruitment or use of child soldiers
Chapter 119 - Wire and Electronic Communications Interception and Interception of Oral Communications
§ 2510 Definitions
§ 2511 Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited
§ 2512 Manufacture, distribution, possession, and advertising of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices prohibited
§ 2513 Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices
§ 2515 Prohibition of use as evidence of intercepted wire or oral communications
§ 2516 Authorization for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2517 Authorization for disclosure and use of intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2518 Procedure for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2519 Reports concerning intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications
§ 2520 Recovery of civil damages authorized
§ 2521 Injunction against illegal interception
§ 2522 Enforcement of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
Chapter 121 - Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access
§ 2701 Unlawful access to stored communications
§ 2702 Voluntary disclosure of customer communications or records
§ 2703 Required disclosure of customer communications or records
§ 2704 Backup preservation
§ 2705 Delayed notice
§ 2706 Cost reimbursement
§ 2707 Civil action
§ 2708 Exclusivity of remedies
§ 2709 Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records
§ 2710 Wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records
§ 2711 Definitions for chapter
§ 2712 Civil actions against the United States
Chapter 123 - Prohibition on Release and Use of Certain Personal Information From State Motor Vehicle Records
§ 2721 Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from State motor vehicle records
§ 2722 Additional unlawful acts
§ 2723 Penalties
§ 2724 Civil action
§ 2725 Definitions
Part II - Criminal Procedure
Chapter 201 - General Provisions
§ 3001 Procedure governed by rules; scope, purpose and effect; definition of terms; local rules; forms(Rule)
§ 3002 Courts always open(Rule)
§ 3003 Calendars(Rule)
§ 3004 Decorum in court room(Rule)
§ 3005 Counsel and witnesses in capital cases
§ 3006 Assignment of counsel(Rule)
§ 3006A Adequate representation of defendants
§ 3007 Motions(Rule)
§ 3008 Service and filing of papers(Rule)
§ 3009 Records(Rule)
§ 3010 Exceptions unnecessary(Rule)
§ 3011 Computation of time(Rule)
§ 3013 Special assessment on convicted persons
Chapter 203 - Arrest and Commitment
§ 3041 Power of courts and magistrates
§ 3042 Extraterritorial jurisdiction
§ 3044 Complaint(Rule)
§ 3045 Internal revenue violations
§ 3046 Warrant or summons(Rule)
§ 3047 Multiple warrants unnecessary
§ 3048 Commitment to another district; removal(Rule)
§ 3049 Warrant for removal
§ 3050 Bureau of Prisons employees’ powers
§ 3051 Powers of Special Agents 1 of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
§ 3052 Powers of Federal Bureau of Investigation
§ 3053 Powers of marshals and deputies
§ 3055 Officers’ powers to suppress Indian liquor traffic
§ 3056 Powers, authorities, and duties of United States Secret Service
§ 3056A Powers, authorities, and duties of United States Secret Service Uniformed Division
§ 3057 Bankruptcy investigations
§ 3058 Interned belligerent nationals
§ 3060 Preliminary examination
§ 3061 Investigative powers of Postal Service personnel
§ 3062 General arrest authority for violation of release conditions
§ 3063 Powers of Environmental Protection Agency
§ 3064 Powers of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Chapter 204 - Rewards for Information Concerning Terrorist Acts and Espionage
§ 3071 Information for which rewards authorized
§ 3072 Determination of entitlement; maximum amount; Presidential approval; conclusiveness
§ 3073 Protection of identity
§ 3074 Exception of governmental officials
§ 3076 Eligibility for witness security program
§ 3077 Definitions
Chapter 205 - Searches and Seizures
§ 3101 Effect of rules of court(Rule)
§ 3102 Authority to issue search warrant(Rule)
§ 3103 Grounds for issuing search warrant(Rule)
§ 3103a Additional grounds for issuing warrant
§ 3104 Issuance of search warrant; contents(Rule)
§ 3105 Persons authorized to serve search warrant
§ 3106 Officer authorized to serve search warrant(Rule)
§ 3107 Service of warrants and seizures by Federal Bureau of Investigation
§ 3108 Execution, service, and return(Rule)
§ 3109 Breaking doors or windows for entry or exit
§ 3110 Property defined(Rule)
§ 3111 Property sizable on search warrant(Rule)
§ 3113 Liquor violations in Indian country
§ 3114 Return of seized property and suppression of evidence; motion(Rule)
§ 3115 Inventory upon execution and return of search warrant(Rule)
§ 3116 Records of examining magistrate judge; return to clerk of court(Rule)
§ 3117 Mobile tracking devices
§ 3118 Implied consent for certain tests
Chapter 206 - Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices
§ 3121 General prohibition on pen register and trap and trace device use; exception
§ 3122 Application for an order for a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3123 Issuance of an order for a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3124 Assistance in installation and use of a pen register or a trap and trace device
§ 3125 Emergency pen register and trap and trace device installation
§ 3126 Reports concerning pen registers and trap and trace devices
§ 3127 Definitions for chapter
Chapter 207 - Release and Detention Pending Judicial Proceedings
§ 3141 Release and detention authority generally
§ 3142 Release or detention of a defendant pending trial
§ 3143 Release or detention of a defendant pending sentence or appeal
§ 3144 Release or detention of a material witness
§ 3145 Review and appeal of a release or detention order
§ 3146 Penalty for failure to appear
§ 3147 Penalty for an offense committed while on release
§ 3148 Sanctions for violation of a release condition
§ 3149 Surrender of an offender by a surety
§ 3150 Applicability to a case removed from a State court
§ 3151 Refund of forfeited bail
§ 3152 Establishment of pretrial services
§ 3153 Organization and administration of pretrial services
§ 3154 Functions and powers relating to pretrial services
§ 3155 Annual reports
§ 3156 Definitions
Chapter 208 - Speedy Trial
§ 3161 Time limits and exclusions
§ 3162 Sanctions
§ 3163 Effective dates
§ 3164 Persons detained or designated as being of high risk
§ 3165 District plansgenerally
§ 3166 District planscontents
§ 3167 Reports to Congress
§ 3168 Planning process
§ 3169 Federal Judicial Center
§ 3170 Speedy trial data
§ 3171 Planning appropriations
§ 3172 Definitions
§ 3173 Sixth amendment rights
§ 3174 Judicial emergency and implementation
Chapter 209 - Extradition
§ 3181 Scope and limitation of chapter
§ 3182 Fugitives from State or Territory to State, District, or Territory
§ 3183 Fugitives from State, Territory, or Possession into extraterritorial jurisdiction of United States
§ 3184 Fugitives from foreign country to United States
§ 3185 Fugitives from country under control of United States into the United States
§ 3186 Secretary of State to surrender fugitive
§ 3187 Provisional arrest and detention within extraterritorial jurisdiction
§ 3188 Time of commitment pending extradition
§ 3189 Place and character of hearing
§ 3190 Evidence on hearing
§ 3191 Witnesses for indigent fugitives
§ 3192 Protection of accused
§ 3193 Receiving agent’s authority over offenders
§ 3194 Transportation of fugitive by receiving agent
§ 3195 Payment of fees and costs
§ 3196 Extradition of United States citizens
Chapter 211 - Jurisdiction and Venue
§ 3231 District courts
§ 3232 District of offense(Rule)
§ 3233 Transfer within district(Rule)
§ 3234 Change of venue to another district(Rule)
§ 3235 Venue in capital cases
§ 3236 Murder or manslaughter
§ 3237 Offenses begun in one district and completed in another
§ 3238 Offenses not committed in any district
§ 3239 Optional venue for espionage and related offenses
§ 3240 Creation of new district or division
§ 3241 Jurisdiction of offenses under certain sections
§ 3242 Indians committing certain offenses; acts on reservations
§ 3243 Jurisdiction of State of Kansas over offenses committed by or against Indians on Indian reservations
§ 3244 Jurisdiction of proceedings relating to transferred offenders
Chapter 212 - Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
§ 3261 Criminal offenses committed by certain members of the Armed Forces and by persons employed by or accompanying the Armed Forces outside the United States
§ 3262 Arrest and commitment
§ 3263 Delivery to authorities of foreign countries
§ 3264 Limitation on removal
§ 3265 Initial proceedings
§ 3266 Regulations
§ 3267 Definitions
Chapter 212A - Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Over Certain Trafficking in Persons Offenses
§ 3271 Trafficking in persons offenses committed by persons employed by or accompanying the Federal Government outside the United States
§ 3272 Definitions
Chapter 213 - Limitations
§ 3281 Capital offenses
§ 3282 Offenses not capital
§ 3283 Offenses against children
§ 3284 Concealment of bankrupt’s assets
§ 3285 Criminal contempt
§ 3286 Extension of statute of limitation for certain terrorism offenses
§ 3287 Wartime suspension of limitations
§ 3288 Indictments and information dismissed after period of limitations
§ 3289 Indictments and information dismissed before period of limitations
§ 3290 Fugitives from justice
§ 3291 Nationality, citizenship and passports
§ 3292 Suspension of limitations to permit United States to obtain foreign evidence
§ 3293 Financial institution offenses
§ 3294 Theft of major artwork
§ 3295 Arson offenses
§ 3296 Counts dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement
§ 3297 Cases involving DNA evidence
§ 3298 Trafficking-related offenses
§ 3299 Child abduction and sex offenses
§ 3300 Recruitment or use of child soldiers
Chapter 215 - Grand Jury
§ 3321 Number of grand jurors; summoning additional jurors
§ 3322 Disclosure of certain matters occurring before grand jury
Chapter 216 - Special Grand Jury
§ 3331 Summoning and term
§ 3332 Powers and duties
§ 3333 Reports
§ 3334 General provisions
Chapter 217 - Indictment and Information
§ 3361 Form and contents(Rule)
§ 3362 Waiver of indictment and prosecution on information(Rule)
§ 3363 Joinder,Joiner of offenses(Rule)
§ 3364 Rejoinder of defendants(Rule)
§ 3365 Amendment of information(Rule)
§ 3366 Bill of particulars(Rule)
§ 3367 Dismissal(Rule)
Chapter 219 - Trial by United States Magistrate Judges
§ 3401 Misdemeanors; application of probation laws
§ 3402 Rules of procedure, practice and appeal 1
Chapter 221 - Arraignment, Please and Trial
§ 3431 Term of court; power of court unaffected by expiration(Rule)
§ 3432 Indictment and list of jurors and witnesses for prisoner in capital cases
§ 3433 Arraignment(Rule)
§ 3434 Presence of defendant(Rule)
§ 3435 Receiver of stolen property friable before or after principal
§ 3436 Consolidation of indictments or information's(Rule)
§ 3437 Severance(Rule)
§ 3438 Pleas(Rule)
§ 3439 Demurrers and special pleas in bar or abatement abolished; relief on motion(Rule)
§ 3440 Defenses and objections determined on motion(Rule)
§ 3441 Jury; number of jurors; waiver(Rule)
§ 3442 Jurors, examination, peremptory challenges; alternates(Rule)
§ 3443 Instructions to jury(Rule)
§ 3444 Disability of judge(Rule)
§ 3445 Motion for judgment of acquittal(Rule)
§ 3446 New trial(Rule)
Chapter 223 - Witnesses and Evidence
§ 3481 Competency of accused
§ 3482 Evidence and witnesses(Rule)
§ 3483 Indigent defendants, process to produce evidence(Rule)
§ 3484 Subpoenas(Rule)
§ 3485 Expert witnesses(Rule)
§ 3486 Administrative subpoenas
§ 3487 Refusal to pay as evidence of embezzlement
§ 3488 Intoxicating liquor in Indian country as evidence of unlawful introduction
§ 3489 Discovery and inspection(Rule)
§ 3490 Official record or entry(Rule)
§ 3491 Foreign documents
§ 3492 Commission to consular officers to authenticate foreign documents
§ 3493 Deposition to authenticate foreign documents
§ 3494 Certification of genuineness of foreign document
§ 3495 Fees and expenses of consuls, counsel, interpreters and witnesses
§ 3496 Regulations by President as to commissions, fees of witnesses, counsel and interpreters
§ 3497 Account as evidence of embezzlement
§ 3498 Depositions(Rule)
§ 3499 Contempt of court by witness(Rule)
§ 3500 Demands for production of statements and reports of witnesses
§ 3501 Admissibility of confessions
§ 3502 Admissibility in evidence of eye witness testimony
§ 3504 Litigation concerning sources of evidence
§ 3505 Foreign records of regularly conducted activity
§ 3506 Service of papers filed in opposition to official request by United States to foreign government for criminal evidence
§ 3507 Special master at foreign deposition
§ 3508 Custody and return of foreign witnesses
§ 3509 Child victims’ and child witnesses’ rights
§ 3510 Rights of victims to attend and observe trial
§ 3511 Judicial review of requests for information
§ 3512 Foreign requests for assistance in criminal investigations and prosecutions
Chapter 224 - Protection of Witnesses
§ 3521 Witness relocation and protection
§ 3522 Probationers and parolees
§ 3523 Civil judgments
§ 3524 Child custody arrangements
§ 3525 Victims Compensation Fund
§ 3526 Cooperation of other Federal agencies and State governments; reimbursement of expenses
§ 3527 Additional authority of Attorney General
§ 3528 Definition
Chapter 225 - Verdict
§ 3531 Return; several defendants; conviction of less offense; poll of jury(Rule)
§ 3532 Setting aside verdict of guilty; judgment notwithstanding verdict(Rule)
Chapter 227 - Sentences
Sub-chapter A - General Provisions
§ 3551 Authorized sentences
§ 3552 Presentence reports
§ 3553 Imposition of a sentence
§ 3554 Order of criminal forfeiture
§ 3555 Order of notice to victims
§ 3556 Order of restitution
§ 3557 Review of a sentence
§ 3558 Implementation of a sentence
§ 3559 Sentencing classification of offenses
Sub-chapter B - Probation
§ 3561 Sentence of probation
§ 3562 Imposition of a sentence of probation
§ 3563 Conditions of probation
§ 3564 Running of a term of probation
§ 3565 Revocation of probation
§ 3566 Implementation of a sentence of probation
Sub-chapter C - Fines
§ 3571 Sentence of fine
§ 3572 Imposition of a sentence of fine and related matters
§ 3573 Petition of the Government for modification or remission
§ 3574 Implementation of a sentence of fine
Sub-chapter D - Imprisonment
§ 3581 Sentence of imprisonment
§ 3582 Imposition of a sentence of imprisonment
§ 3583 Inclusion of a term of supervised release after imprisonment
§ 3584 Multiple sentences of imprisonment
§ 3585 Calculation of a term of imprisonment
§ 3586 Implementation of a sentence of imprisonment
Chapter 228 - Death Sentence
§ 3591 Sentence of death
§ 3592 Mitigating and aggravating factors to be considered in determining whether a sentence of death is justified
§ 3593 Special hearing to determine whether a sentence of death is justified
§ 3594 Imposition of a sentence of death
§ 3595 Review of a sentence of death
§ 3596 Implementation of a sentence of death
§ 3597 Use of State facilities
§ 3598 Special provisions for Indian country
§ 3599 Counsel for financially unable defendants
Chapter 228A - Post-conviction DNA Testing
§ 3600 DNA testing
§ 3600A Preservation of biological evidence
Chapter 229 - Post-sentence Administration
Sub-chapter A - Probation
§ 3601 Supervision of probation
§ 3602 Appointment of probation officers
§ 3603 Duties of probation officers
§ 3604 Transportation of a probationer
§ 3605 Transfer of jurisdiction over a probationer
§ 3606 Arrest and return of a probationer
§ 3607 Special probation and expungement procedures for drug possessors
§ 3608 Drug testing of Federal offenders on post-conviction release
Sub-chapter B - Fines
§ 3611 Payment of a fine or restitution
§ 3612 Collection of unpaid fine or restitution
§ 3613 Civil remedies for satisfaction of an unpaid fine
§ 3613A Effect of default
§ 3614 Re-sentencing upon failure to pay a fine or restitution
§ 3615 Criminal default
Sub-chapter C - Imprisonment
§ 3621 Imprisonment of a convicted person
§ 3622 Temporary release of a prisoner
§ 3623 Transfer of a prisoner to State authority
§ 3624 Release of a prisoner
§ 3625 Inapplicability of the Administrative Procedure Act
§ 3626 Appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions
Chapter 232 - Miscellaneous Sentencing Provisions
§ 3661 Use of information for sentencing
§ 3662 Conviction records
§ 3663 Order of restitution
§ 3663A Mandatory restitution to victims of certain crimes
§ 3664 Procedure for issuance and enforcement of order of restitution
§ 3665 Firearms possessed by convicted felons
§ 3666 Bribe moneys
§ 3667 Liquors and related property; definitions
§ 3668 Remission or mitigation of forfeitures under liquor laws; possession pending trial
§ 3669 Conveyances carrying liquor
§ 3670 Disposition of conveyances seized for violation of the Indian liquor laws
§ 3671 Vessels carrying explosives and steerage passengers
§ 3672 Duties of Director of Administrative Office of the United States Courts
§ 3673 Definitions for sentencing provisions
Chapter 232A - Special Forfeiture of Collateral Profits of Crime
§ 3681 Order of special forfeiture
§ 3682 Notice to victims of order of special forfeiture
Chapter 233 - Contempt's
§ 3691 Jury trial of criminal contempt's
§ 3692 Jury trial for contempt in labor dispute cases
§ 3693 Summary disposition or jury trial; notice(Rule)
Chapter 235 - Appeal
§ 3731 Appeal by United States
§ 3732 Taking of appeal; notice; time(Rule)
§ 3733 Assignment of errors(Rule)
§ 3734 Bill of exceptions abolished(Rule)
§ 3735 Bail on appeal or certiorari(Rule)
§ 3736 Certiorari(Rule)
§ 3737 Record(Rule)
§ 3738 Docketing appeal and record(Rule)
§ 3739 Supervision(Rule)
§ 3740 Argument(Rule)
§ 3741 Harmless error and plain error(Rule)
§ 3742 Review of a sentence
Part III - Prisons and Prisoners
Chapter 301 - General Provisions
§ 4001 Limitation on detention; control of prisons
§ 4002 Federal prisoners in State institutions; employment
§ 4003 Federal institutions in States without appropriate facilities
§ 4004 Oaths and acknowledgments
§ 4005 Medical relief; expenses
§ 4006 Subsistence for prisoners
§ 4007 Expenses of prisoners
§ 4008 Transportation expenses
§ 4009 Appropriations for sites and buildings
§ 4010 Acquisition of additional land
§ 4011 Disposition of cash collections for meals, laundry, etc.
§ 4012 Summary seizure and forfeiture of prison contraband
§ 4013 Support of United States prisoners in non-Federal institutions
§ 4014 Testing for human immunodeficiency virus
Chapter 303 - Bureau of Prisons
§ 4041 Bureau of Prisons; director and employees
§ 4042 Duties of Bureau of Prisons
§ 4043 Acceptance of gifts and bequests to the Commissary Funds, Federal Prisons
§ 4044 Donations on behalf of the Bureau of Prisons
§ 4045 Authority to conduct autopsies
§ 4046 Shock incarceration program
§ 4047 Prison impact assessments
§ 4048 Fees for health care services for prisoners
Chapter 305 - Commitment and Transfer
§ 4081 Classification and treatment of prisoners
§ 4082 Commitment to Attorney General; residential treatment centers; extension of limits of confinement; work furlough
§ 4083 Penitentiary imprisonment; consent
§ 4086 Temporary safe-keeping of federal offenders by marshals
Chapter 306 - Transfer to or From Foreign Countries
§ 4100 Scope and limitation of chapter
§ 4101 Definitions
§ 4102 Authority of the Attorney General
§ 4103 Applicability of United States laws
§ 4104 Transfer of offenders on probation
§ 4105 Transfer of offenders serving sentence of imprisonment
§ 4106 Transfer of offenders on parole; parole of offenders transferred
§ 4106A Transfer of offenders on parole; parole of offenders transferred
§ 4107 Verification of consent of offender to transfer from the United States
§ 4108 Verification of consent of offender to transfer to the United States
§ 4109 Right to counsel, appointment of counsel
§ 4110 Transfer of juveniles
§ 4111 Prosecution barred by foreign conviction
§ 4112 Loss of rights, disqualification
§ 4113 Status of alien offender transferred to a foreign country
§ 4114 Return of transferred offenders
§ 4115 Execution of sentences imposing an obligation to make restitution or reparations
Chapter 307 - Employment
§ 4121 Federal Prison Industries; board of directors
§ 4122 Administration of Federal Prison Industries
§ 4123 New industries
§ 4124 Purchase of prison-made products by Federal departments
§ 4125 Public works; prison camps
§ 4126 Prison Industries Fund; use and settlement of accounts
§ 4127 Prison Industries report to Congress
§ 4128 Enforcement by Attorney General
§ 4129 Authority to borrow and invest
Chapter 313 - Offenders With Mental Disease or Defect
§ 4241 Determination of mental competency to stand trial to undergo post-release proceedings 1
§ 4242 Determination of the existence of insanity at the time of the offense
§ 4243 Hospitalization of a person found not guilty only by reason of insanity
§ 4244 Hospitalization of a convicted person suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4245 Hospitalization of an imprisoned person suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4246 Hospitalization of a person due for release but suffering from mental disease or defect
§ 4247 General provisions for chapter
§ 4248 Civil commitment of a sexually dangerous person
Chapter 315 - Discharge and Release Payments
§ 4282 Arrested but on-convicted persons
§ 4285 Persons released pending further judicial proceedings
Chapter 319 - National Institute of Corrections
§ 4351 Establishment; Advisory Board; appointment of members; compensation; officers; committees; delegation of powers; Director, appointment and powers 1
§ 4352 Authority of Institute; time; records of recipients; access; scope of section 1
Part IV - Correction of Youthful Offenders
Chapter 401 - General Provisions
§ 5001 Surrender to State authorities; expenses
§ 5003 Custody of State offenders
Chapter 403 - Juvenile Delinquency
§ 5031 Definitions
§ 5032 Delinquency proceedings in district courts; transfer for criminal prosecution
§ 5033 Custody prior to appearance before magistrate judge
§ 5034 Duties of magistrate judge
§ 5035 Detention prior to disposition
§ 5036 Speedy trial
§ 5037 Dis-positional hearing
§ 5038 Use of juvenile records
§ 5039 Commitment
§ 5040 Support
§ 5042 Revocation of probation
Part V - Immunity of Witnesses
Chapter 601 - Immunity of Witnesses
§ 6001 Definitions
§ 6002 Immunity generally
§ 6003 Court and grand jury proceedings
§ 6004 Certain administrative proceedings
§ 6005 Congressional proceedings
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